{"id":2875,"date":"2025-01-25T05:13:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-25T02:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/?p=2875"},"modified":"2025-12-26T18:11:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T15:11:58","slug":"minimum-guvenli-irtifalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Minimum G\u00fcvenli \u0130rtifalar (MOCA MEA MSA TAA AMA MORA MEF vs.) ve Haritalarda G\u00f6sterimi [ICAO+MIPS+EASA+FAA+TR+Jeppesen+Lido]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler Tablosunu A\u00e7\/Kapat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Giris\" >Giri\u015f:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#ICAO_Kurallari_ve_Duzenlemeleri\" >ICAO Kurallar\u0131 ve D\u00fczenlemeleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Temel_Kapsayici_Kural_ve_Duzenlemeler\" >Temel Kapsay\u0131c\u0131 Kural ve D\u00fczenlemeler:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Annex_2_Havacilik_Kurallari_VFRIFR_Minimum_Yukseklikler\" >Annex 2 Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kurallar\u0131 VFR\/IFR Minimum Y\u00fckseklikler:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Daglik_Alan_Mountainous_Area_Tanimi\" >Da\u011fl\u0131k Alan (Mountainous Area) Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Pilot_Isletici_Devlet_ATC_Sorumluluklari\" >Pilot, \u0130\u015fletici, Devlet, ATC Sorumluluklar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Altimetre_Dogrultmalari\" >Altimetre Do\u011frultmalar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Yukseklik_Turleri_ve_Chartlarda_Gosterimleri\" >Y\u00fckseklik T\u00fcrleri ve Chart&#8217;larda G\u00f6sterimleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Obstacle_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA\" >Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Tanim\" >Tan\u0131m:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Bazi_Ucus_Safhalarina_Gore_Engel_Acikligi_MOC_Degerleri\" >Baz\u0131 U\u00e7u\u015f Safhalar\u0131na G\u00f6re Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (MOC) De\u011ferleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Irtifa_Degeri\" >\u0130rtifa De\u011feri:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_En-route_Altitude_MEA\" >Minimum En-route Altitude (MEA):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Tanim-2\" >Tan\u0131m:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Irtifa_Degeri-2\" >\u0130rtifa De\u011feri:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Reception_Altitude_MRA\" >Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Crossing_Altitude_MCA_Minimum_Crossing_Height_MCH\" >Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA) \/ Minimum Crossing Height (MCH):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Area_Minimum_Altitude_AMA\" >Area Minimum Altitude (AMA):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Tanim-3\" >Tan\u0131m:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Chartlara_Gore_Gerekliligi\" >Chart&#8217;lara G\u00f6re Gereklili\u011fi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Engel_Acikligi_ENRC_%E2%80%93_ARC_%E2%80%93_SID_%E2%80%93_STAR\" >Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ENRC &#8211; ARC &#8211; SID &#8211; STAR):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AMA_Figurleri_ve_Kullanimi_ENRC_%E2%80%93_ARC_%E2%80%93_SID_%E2%80%93_STAR\" >AMA Fig\u00fcrleri ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131 (ENRC &#8211; ARC &#8211; SID &#8211; STAR):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#En-route_Chart_%E2%80%93_ICAO_ENRC_Chartinda_Yerlesimi\" >En-route Chart &#8211; ICAO (ENRC) Chart&#8217;\u0131nda Yerle\u015fimi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Area_Chart_%E2%80%93_ICAO_ARC_Chartinda_Yerlesimi\" >Area Chart &#8211; ICAO (ARC) Chart&#8217;\u0131nda Yerle\u015fimi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#SID_ve_STAR_Chartlarinda_Yerlesimi\" >SID ve STAR Chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda Yerle\u015fimi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#IAC%E2%80%98da_Area_Minimum_Altitude_AMA_Envelope\" >IAC&#8216;da Area Minimum Altitude (AMA) Envelope:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Sector_Altitude_MSA\" >Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Tanim-4\" >Tan\u0131m:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Chartlara_Gore_Gerekliligi-2\" >Chart&#8217;lara G\u00f6re Gereklili\u011fi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Irtifa_Degerinin_Belirlenmesi\" >\u0130rtifa De\u011ferinin Belirlenmesi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#MSA_Sembolu\" >MSA Sembol\u00fc:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Ornek_MSAlar\" >\u00d6rnek MSA&#8217;lar:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Terminal_Arrival_Altitude_TAA\" >Terminal Arrival Altitude (TAA):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#TAA_Nedir_ve_Genel_Ozellikleri\" >TAA Nedir ve Genel \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#TAA_Engel_Acikligi_ve_Alani\" >TAA Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Alan\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Standart_Duzen_TAA_Bolumleri_ve_Sinirlari\" >Standart D\u00fczen, TAA B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#%E2%80%9CT%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9CY%E2%80%9D_Arrangement_Duzeni\" >&#8220;T&#8221; \/ &#8220;Y&#8221; Arrangement (D\u00fczeni):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Step_Down_Arcs\" >Step Down Arcs:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Standart_Olmayan_TAA\" >Standart Olmayan TAA:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Prosedure_Giris\" >Prosed\u00fcre Giri\u015f:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Reversal_Uygulanmasi\" >Reversal Uygulanmas\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Varis_Holding%E2%80%98i\" >Var\u0131\u015f Holding&#8216;i:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimumu_Irtifa_Kriterlerinin_AIP_Yayinlarinda_Belirtilmesi\" >Minimumu \u0130rtifa Kriterlerinin AIP Yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda Belirtilmesi:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AIP_GEN_17_Differences_From_ICAO_Standards_Recommended_Practices_and_Procedures\" >AIP GEN 1.7 Differences From ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AIP_GEN_335_Minimum_Flight_Altitude\" >AIP GEN 3.3.5 Minimum Flight Altitude:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AIP_ENR_12_13_15_Bolumleri\" >AIP ENR 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AIP_ENR_3_Bolumleri\" >AIP ENR 3 B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Diger_Otoritelerce_Uygulanan_Uygulamalar\" >Di\u011fer Otoritelerce Uygulanan Uygulamalar:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Kullanilabilen_Bazi_Diger_Kavramlar\" >Kullan\u0131labilen Baz\u0131 Di\u011fer Kavramlar:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Off-route_Altitude_MORA\" >Minimum Off-route Altitude (MORA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Grid_MORA\" >Grid MORA:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Grid_Altitude_MGA\" >Minimum Grid Altitude (MGA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Terrain_Clearance_Altitude_MTCA\" >Minimum Terrain Clearance Altitude (MTCA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Maximum_Elevation_Figure_MEF\" >Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Safe_Altitude_MSA\" >Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA\" >Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#VFR_Haritalarda_Yukseltiler\" >VFR Haritalarda Y\u00fckseltiler:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Bazi_EASA_Farkliliklari\" >Baz\u0131 EASA Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Giris-2\" >Giri\u015f:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_irtifalarin_belirlenmesi\" >Minimum irtifalar\u0131n belirlenmesi:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Bazi_NATO_MIPS_Degisiklik_veya_Eklemeleri\" >Baz\u0131 NATO \/ MIPS De\u011fi\u015fiklik veya Eklemeleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Maximum_Elevation_Figure_MEF-2\" >Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Giris-3\" >Giri\u015f:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#MEF%E2%80%98in_Hesaplanmasi_ve_Sagladigi_Aciklik\" >MEF&#8216;in Hesaplanmas\u0131 ve Sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#MEF%E2%80%98in_Haritalarda_Gosterimi\" >MEF&#8216;in Haritalarda G\u00f6sterimi:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Safe_Altitude_100_NM_Emergency_Safe_Altitude\" >Safe Altitude 100 NM \/ Emergency Safe Altitude:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Jeppesen%E2%80%98in_Minimum_Irtifalari_Belirtmesi\" >Jeppesen&#8216;in Minimum \u0130rtifalar\u0131 Belirtmesi:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Jeppesen_Tarafindan_Turetilen_Bazi_Minimum_Irtifa_Kavramlari\" >Jeppesen Taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcretilen Baz\u0131 Minimum \u0130rtifa Kavramlar\u0131:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Off-route_Altitude_MORA_Ozellikleri\" >Minimum Off-route Altitude (MORA) \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Route_MORA_Ozellikleri\" >Route MORA \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Grid_MORA_Ozellikleri\" >Grid MORA \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Bazi_Jeppesen_Chart_Sembolleri\" >Baz\u0131 Jeppesen Chart Sembolleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Route_MORA_Grid_MORA\" >Route MORA, Grid MORA:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Safe_Sector_Altitude_MSA\" >Minimum Safe \/ Sector Altitude (MSA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Terminal_Arrival_Area_Terminal_Arrival_Altitude_TAA\" >Terminal Arrival Area \/ Terminal Arrival Altitude (TAA):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Lido%E2%80%98nun_Minimum_Irtifalari_Belirtmesi\" >Lido&#8216;nun Minimum \u0130rtifalar\u0131 Belirtmesi:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Lido_Tarafindan_Turetilen_Bazi_Minimum_Irtifa_Kavramlari\" >Lido Taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcretilen Baz\u0131 Minimum \u0130rtifa Kavramlar\u0131:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Grid_Altitude_MGA-2\" >Minimum Grid Altitude (MGA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA-2\" >Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Terrain_Clearance_Altitude_MTCA-2\" >Minimum Terrain Clearance Altitude (MTCA):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Bazi_Lido_Chart_Sembolleri\" >Baz\u0131 Lido Chart Sembolleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Enroute_Altitude_MEA\" >Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Obstacle_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA-2\" >Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Terrain_Clearance_Altitude_MTCA-3\" >Minimum Terrain Clearance Altitude (MTCA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Grid_Altitude_MGA-3\" >Minimum Grid Altitude (MGA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Sector_Altitude_MSA-2\" >Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Terminal_Arrival_Altitude_TAA-2\" >Terminal Arrival Altitude (TAA):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Bazi_FAA_Farkliliklari\" >Baz\u0131 FAA Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Genel_Kurallar\" >Genel Kurallar:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Irtifalara_Altimetre_Dogrultmasi\" >Minimum \u0130rtifalara Altimetre Do\u011frultmas\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Yazida_ICAO_Tanimlamasi_Yapilan_Irtifalardan_FAA%E2%80%98da_Yer_Almayanlar\" >Yaz\u0131da ICAO Tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 Yap\u0131lan \u0130rtifalardan FAA&#8216;da Yer Almayanlar:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Yazida_ICAO_Tanimlamasi_Yapilan_Irtifalardan_FAA%E2%80%98da_Kullanilanlar_ve_Farkliliklari\" >Yaz\u0131da ICAO Tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 Yap\u0131lan \u0130rtifalardan FAA&#8216;da Kullan\u0131lanlar ve Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Enroute_Altitude_MEA-2\" >Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Reception_Altitude_MRA-2\" >Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Crossing_Altitude_MCA\" >Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#FAA_Tarafindan_Kullanilan_Diger_Minimum_Irtifalar\" >FAA Taraf\u0131ndan Kullan\u0131lan Di\u011fer Minimum \u0130rtifalar:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#%E2%80%9CG%E2%80%9D_Onekli_GNSS_MEA\" >&#8220;G&#8221; \u00d6nekli GNSS MEA:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA-3\" >Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Turning_Altitude_MTA\" >Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_Safe_Altitude_MSA-2\" >Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Terminal_Arrival_Area_TAA\" >Terminal Arrival Area (TAA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Minimum_IFR_Altitude_MIA\" >Minimum IFR Altitude (MIA):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Off_Route_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_OROCA\" >Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Maximum_Elevation_Figure_MEF_VFR_Chart_Sembolu\" >Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF) (VFR Chart Sembol\u00fc):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Avustralya_%E2%80%93_Lowest_Safe_Altitude_LSALT\" >Avustralya &#8211; Lowest Safe Altitude (LSALT):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#SkyVector_Hakkinda\" >SkyVector Hakk\u0131nda:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Turkiyede_Yerel_Duzenlemeler\" >T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Yerel D\u00fczenlemeler:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AIP_GEN_17_Bolumu\" >AIP GEN 1.7 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AIP_GEN_335_Bolumu\" >AIP GEN 3.3.5 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#AIP_VAC_ve_VFR_Routes_Chartlarinda_Yukseltiler\" >AIP VAC ve VFR Routes Chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda Y\u00fckseltiler:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Harita_Genel_Mudurlugu_HGM_VFR_Haritalari\" >Harita Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (HGM) VFR Haritalar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Ornek_Chartlarda_Gosterimler\" >\u00d6rnek Chartlarda G\u00f6sterimler:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#ICAO_Ornekleri\" >ICAO \u00d6rnekleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Jeppesen_Ornekleri\" >Jeppesen \u00d6rnekleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Lido_Ornekleri\" >Lido \u00d6rnekleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#FAA_Ornekleri\" >FAA \u00d6rnekleri:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/#Yazar_Notlari\" >Yazar Notlar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giris\"><\/span>Giri\u015f:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Havac\u0131l\u0131kta engellerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli u\u00e7u\u015f safhalar\u0131 i\u00e7in engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferleri belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu de\u011ferler ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 kriterler birle\u015ftirilerek de \u00e7e\u015fitli minimum irtifa t\u00fcrleri belirlenmektedir. Bu minimumu irtifalar da, havac\u0131l\u0131k haritalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli sembollerle g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minimum irtifalara, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n arazi veya engellere \u00e7arpmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in u\u00e7u\u015f planlan\u0131rken ve u\u00e7u\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda dikkat edilmelidir. bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ise, minimum irtifa t\u00fcrleri ve de\u011ferlerinden bahsedilecektir. Ayr\u0131ca VFR u\u00e7u\u015f gibi kimi durumda, pilotlar\u0131n baz\u0131 kriterleri kendileri de\u011ferlendirmesi gerekece\u011fi i\u00e7in belirlenme kriterlerinden de bahsedilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaz\u0131da, ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 konular\u0131n sadece engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve minimum irtifalar ile alakal\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 baz\u0131 konular olan ATS veya RNAV rotalar\u0131, harita t\u00fcrleri, AIP, yakla\u015fma minimalar\u0131, u\u00e7u\u015f segmentleri hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler, engeller, engellerin g\u00f6sterimi yer almamaktad\u0131r. Bu konular i\u00e7in di\u011fer yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za veya ilgili kaynaklara ba\u015fvurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT:<\/strong> Engeller ve g\u00f6sterimleri, bu yaz\u0131ya dahil de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT 2:<\/strong> Seviye k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 (<em>level restrictions<\/em>), bu yaz\u0131ya dahil de\u011fildir. Bu konu, <em>ATS<\/em> rotalar\u0131, <em>SID<\/em> veya <em>STAR<\/em>&#8216;lar ile ilgili yaz\u0131larda anlat\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT 3:<\/strong> <em>ICAO<\/em> ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde yer alan chart isimlendirmeleri ve t\u00fcrleri, kaynak maddelerde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e <em>AIP<\/em> yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lan <em>ICAO<\/em>&#8216;nun chart&#8217;lar ile ilgili yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131lavuzlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. 3. parti chart yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n (<em>Jeppesen<\/em>, <em>Lido<\/em> vs.) chart d\u00fczenleriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT 4:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 konulara ait <em>MOC<\/em> de\u011ferleri, ilgili konularla alakal\u0131 yaz\u0131larda daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT 5:<\/strong> <em>OCA\/H<\/em> ve minimalarla alakal\u0131 y\u00fckseklikler ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT 6:<\/strong> G\u00f6zetim sistemleri veya vekt\u00f6rleme ile ilgili minimum irtifalar  ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT 7:<\/strong> Altimetre do\u011frultmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131ya bak\u0131n\u0131z: <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/seyir-seviyeleri-altimetre-ayar-usulleri\/\">Altimetre Ayar Prosed\u00fcrleri<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ICAO_Kurallari_ve_Duzenlemeleri\"><\/span><em>ICAO<\/em> Kurallar\u0131 ve D\u00fczenlemeleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Temel_Kapsayici_Kural_ve_Duzenlemeler\"><\/span>Temel Kapsay\u0131c\u0131 Kural ve D\u00fczenlemeler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Annex_2_Havacilik_Kurallari_VFRIFR_Minimum_Yukseklikler\"><\/span><em>Annex 2<\/em> Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kurallar\u0131 <em>VFR\/IFR<\/em> Minimum Y\u00fckseklikler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ICAO Annex 2<\/em> Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kurallar\u0131 i\u00e7erinde ge\u00e7en temel kapsay\u0131c\u0131 kurallar \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kalk\u0131\u015f veya ini\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli olmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya yetkili makamdan izin al\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, u\u00e7aklar; \u015fehir, kasaba veya yerle\u015fim yerlerinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu alanlar \u00fczerinde veya a\u00e7\u0131k havada insanlar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar \u00fczerinde u\u00e7urulmayacakt\u0131r; ancak acil bir durumda, y\u00fczeydeki ki\u015filere veya mallara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tehlike olu\u015fturmadan ini\u015f yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verecek bir y\u00fckseklikte u\u00e7urulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. <sub>ICAO Annex 2 3.1.2<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>G\u00f6rerek U\u00e7u\u015f Kurallar\u0131 (VFR) Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alt\u0131nda:<\/strong> <sub>ICAO Annex 2 4.6<\/sub><br>Kalk\u0131\u015f veya ini\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli olmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya ilgili makamdan izin al\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a VFR u\u00e7u\u015flar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u015eehir, kasaba veya yerle\u015fim yerlerinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu alanlar \u00fczerinde veya a\u00e7\u0131k havada insanlar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar \u00fczerinde, u\u00e7aktan 600 m yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131ndaki en y\u00fcksek engelin 1000 ft (300 m) \u00fczerindeki bir y\u00fckseklikte.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6nceki maddede belirtilenler haricindeki yerlerde, karadan veya sudan 500 ft (150 m) veya daha \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir y\u00fckseklikte<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aletli U\u00e7u\u015f Kurallar\u0131 (IFR) Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alt\u0131nda:<\/strong> <sub>ICAO Annex 2 5.1.2<\/sub><br>Kalk\u0131\u015f veya ini\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli oldu\u011fu durumlar hari\u00e7, veya ilgili makam taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel olarak yetkilendirildi\u011fi durumlar hari\u00e7, bir <em>IFR<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015fu, u\u00e7ulan topraklar\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu devlet taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmayan bir seviyede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmeli veya b\u00f6yle bir minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifas\u0131 belirlenmedi\u011fi takdirde u\u00e7u\u015f \u015fu seviyelerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmeli:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Y\u00fcksek arazi veya da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar \u00fczerinde, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tahmini konumunun 8 km i\u00e7erisindeki en y\u00fcksek engelin en az 2000 ft (600 m) \u00fcst\u00fcndeki bir seviyede.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6nceki maddede belirtilenler haricindeki yerlerde, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tahmini konumunun 8 km i\u00e7erisindeki en y\u00fcksek engelin en az 1000 ft (300 m) \u00fcst\u00fcndeki bir seviyede.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NOT:<\/strong> U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tahmini konumu olarak, yerde veya u\u00e7akta mevcut seyr\u00fcsefer imkanlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak ilgili rota kesiminde elde edilebilecek seyir do\u011frulu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Daglik_Alan_Mountainous_Area_Tanimi\"><\/span>Da\u011fl\u0131k Alan (<em>Mountainous Area<\/em>) Tan\u0131m\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Da\u011fl\u0131k alan (<em>Mountainous Area<\/em>), 10 NM (18.5 km) mesafe i\u00e7erisinde arazi rak\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin 3000 ft (900 m)&#8217;yi ge\u00e7ti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fen arazi profili olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. II I-1 Definitions<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pilot_Isletici_Devlet_ATC_Sorumluluklari\"><\/span>Pilot, \u0130\u015fletici, Devlet, ATC Sorumluluklar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pilotun Sorumluluklar\u0131:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Pilot-in-command<\/em>; operasyonun, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ve u\u00e7u\u015f s\u00fcresince u\u00e7aktaki t\u00fcm ki\u015filerin g\u00fcvenli\u011finden sorumludur (<em>Annex 6<\/em>, 4.5.1). Bu, engellerden ka\u00e7\u0131nma sorumlulu\u011funu da kapsar. (Bir <em>IFR<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015fta vekt\u00f6rlenme durumu hari\u00e7.)<br><strong>NOT:<\/strong> <em>ATC<\/em>, bir <em>IFR<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015f vekt\u00f6rlenirken <em>MSA<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olan asgari vekt\u00f6rleme irtifalar\u0131 tahsis edebilir. Asgari vekt\u00f6rleme irtifalar\u0131, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n <em>pilot-in-command<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan kendi seyr\u00fcseferine yeniden ba\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131 noktaya ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar her zaman engel emniyetini sa\u011flar. <em>Pilot-in-command<\/em>, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n asgariye indirilmesi ve <em>ATS<\/em> g\u00f6zetim sisteminin ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131ndan do\u011fabilecek sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, pilot taraf\u0131ndan yorumlanan seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n konumunu yak\u0131ndan izlemelidir. <em>Pilot-in-command<\/em>, ayr\u0131ca vekt\u00f6rleme s\u00fcresince <em>ATC<\/em> ile olan muhabereyi s\u00fcrekli izlemeli ve <em>ATC<\/em> makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ilave talimat vermezse veya bir haberle\u015fme ar\u0131zas\u0131 meydana gelirse, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 <em>MSA<\/em>&#8216;ya t\u0131rmand\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. III Sec. 2 4.1.1<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E\u011fer bir hava arac\u0131na <em>ATC<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k nedeniyle kabul edilemez bir irtifa tahsis edilirse, <em>pilot-in-command<\/em> daha y\u00fcksek bir irtifa talep etmelidir. B\u00f6yle bir talep al\u0131nmazsa <em>ATC<\/em>, tahsisin kabul edildi\u011fini ve yerine getirilece\u011fini varsayar. Bkz. <em>Annex 2<\/em> ve <em>PANS-ATM<\/em>, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 6. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. III Sec. 2 4.1.4<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kontroll\u00fc hava sahas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle kontroll\u00fc hava sahas\u0131n\u0131n alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen <em>IFR<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015flarda, kullan\u0131labilir en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck u\u00e7u\u015f seviyesinin belirlenmesi sorumlulu\u011fu <em>pilot-in-command<\/em>&#8216;a aittir. Bu de\u011ferlendirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fcncel veya tahmini <em>QNH<\/em> ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. III Sec. 2 4.1.1<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130\u015fleticinin Sorumlulu\u011fu:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130\u015fletici, u\u00e7ulan \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmamak kayd\u0131yla minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekten sorumludur (<em>Annex 6, 4.2.6<\/em>). \u0130\u015fletici, bu minimum irtifalar\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem belirtmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (<em>Annex 6, 4.2.6<\/em>). <em>Annex 6<\/em>, bu y\u00f6ntemin i\u015fleticinin devleti taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken fakt\u00f6rleri \u00f6nermektedir. Engellerden ka\u00e7\u0131nma sorumlulu\u011funu da kapsar. (Bir <em>IFR<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015fta vekt\u00f6rlenme durumu hari\u00e7.) <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. III Sec. 2 4.1.2<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Devletin Sorumlulu\u011fu:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>PANS-AIM<\/em> (Havac\u0131l\u0131k Bilgi Yay\u0131n\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi), devletlerin <em>AIP GEN 3.3.5<\/em> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan esaslar\u0131 yay\u0131mlamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtir. E\u011fer hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yay\u0131nlanmad\u0131ysa, devlet taraf\u0131ndan herhangi bir do\u011frultma yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. III Sec. 2 4.1.3<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Altimetre_Dogrultmalari\"><\/span>Altimetre Do\u011frultmalar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Altimetrenin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi de\u011ferler; s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7, r\u00fczgar gibi baz\u0131 etkenlerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi durumunda normalden daha fazla veya az de\u011fer g\u00f6sterebilir. Altimetrede fazla de\u011fer g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde, altimetredeki de\u011fere g\u00f6re u\u00e7uldu\u011funda hava arac\u0131, normalde olmas\u0131 gerekenden al\u00e7akta kalabilir, bu da gerekli engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesine sebebiyet verebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u015fartlarda, engellerden ka\u00e7\u0131nma sorumluluklar\u0131 ve altimetre ayar prosed\u00fcrlerindeki gereklilikler kapsam\u0131nda baz\u0131 durumlarda minimum irtifalar\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 veya hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumuna g\u00f6re d\u00fczeltilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/seyir-seviyeleri-altimetre-ayar-usulleri\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/seyir-seviyeleri-altimetre-ayar-usulleri\/\">Altimetre Ayar Prosed\u00fcrleri ve Altimetre Do\u011frultmalar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yukseklik_Turleri_ve_Chartlarda_Gosterimleri\"><\/span>Y\u00fckseklik T\u00fcrleri ve Chart&#8217;larda G\u00f6sterimleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Obstacle_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tanim\"><\/span>Tan\u0131m:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u00e7u\u015fun tan\u0131mlanan segmenti i\u00e7in <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">gerekli engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/span> sa\u011flayan minimum irtifa. <sub>ICAO Doc 8697 Definitions<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong> <em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/engel-acikligi-moc-roc-primary-ve-secondary-alan-icaofaa\/\">Miniumum Obstacle Clearance (MOC)<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bazi_Ucus_Safhalarina_Gore_Engel_Acikligi_MOC_Degerleri\"><\/span>Baz\u0131 U\u00e7u\u015f Safhalar\u0131na G\u00f6re Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em><em>(MOC)<\/em><\/em> De\u011ferleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I do\u011frultusunda.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her bir konuyla alakal\u0131 <em><em>Miniumum Obstacle Clearance (MOC)<\/em><\/em> de\u011ferlerinin ilgili oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131larda anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r lakin rehberlik olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla baz\u0131 safhalar\u0131n <em>primary<\/em> alan <em>MOC<\/em> de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>En-route<\/em>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">984 ft (300 m)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde art\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r:<br><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"69\" class=\"wp-image-3429\" style=\"width: 450px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-54.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-54.png 460w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-54-300x46.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Initial Approach Segment<\/em>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">984 ft (300 m)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Intermediate Approach Segment<\/em>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">492 ft (150 m)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Irtifa_Degeri\"><\/span>\u0130rtifa De\u011feri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>En-route Chart &#8211; ICAO (ENRC)<\/em> veya <em>Area Chart &#8211; ICAO (ARC)<\/em> chart&#8217;\u0131nda&#8217;lar\u0131nda:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> <em>ATS<\/em> rotalar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki <em>MOCA<\/em> de\u011feri, en yak\u0131n sonraki 100 ft ya da 50 m&#8217;ye yuvarlan\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Doc 8697<\/sub><br><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"105\" class=\"wp-image-2908\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Standard Departure Chart &#8211; Instrument &#8211; ICAO (SID)<\/em> veya <em>Standard Arrival Chart &#8211; Instrument &#8211; ICAO (STAR)<\/em> chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rota veya rota segmenti boyuncaki <em>MOCA<\/em> de\u011ferleri ve prosed\u00fcr taraf\u0131ndan gereken irtifalar, en yak\u0131n sonraki 100 ft ya da 50 m&#8217;ye yuvarlan\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Doc 8697 7.9-9.9.4.1.1 a 5, 7.10-10.9.4.1.1 a 5<\/sub><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_En-route_Altitude_MEA\"><\/span><em>Minimum En-route Altitude (MEA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tanim-2\"><\/span>Tan\u0131m:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En-route segmenti i\u00e7in ilgili seyr\u00fcsefer fasiliteleri ve ATS ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in yeterli alg\u0131lama sa\u011flayan, havasahas\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131yla uyumlu, gerekli engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan irtifa. <sub>ICAO Doc 8697 Definitions<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MEA<\/em>, <em>ATS<\/em> koordinasyonunda belirlenir ve her bir rota segmenti i\u00e7in yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. <em>MEA<\/em>, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin en y\u00fckse\u011fidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>MOCA<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130lgili fasilitelerin d\u00fczg\u00fcn al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli minimum irtifa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ATS<\/em> ileti\u015fiminin d\u00fczg\u00fcn al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli minimum irtifa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ATS<\/em> yap\u0131s\u0131 ile uyumlu minimum irtifa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. II Part II Sec. 3 1.5<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Irtifa_Degeri-2\"><\/span>\u0130rtifa De\u011feri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>En-route Chart &#8211; ICAO (ENRC)<\/em> veya <em>Area Chart &#8211; ICAO (ARC)<\/em> chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>ATS<\/em> rotalar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki <em>MEA<\/em> de\u011feri, en yak\u0131n sonraki 100 ft ya da 50 m&#8217;ye yuvarlan\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Doc 8697<\/sub><br><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"105\" class=\"wp-image-2908\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Reception_Altitude_MRA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA):<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(\u00c7e\u015fitli ICAO dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131nda yer alsa da hen\u00fcz tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131k.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minimum al\u0131m y\u00fcksekli\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Crossing_Altitude_MCA_Minimum_Crossing_Height_MCH\"><\/span><em>Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA) \/ <em>Minimum Crossing Height (MCH)<\/em>:<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA)<\/em>, <em><em>Minimum Crossing Height (MCH)<\/em><\/em> veya <em><em>Minimum Crossing Altitude \/ Height (MCA\/H)<\/em><\/em> ifadeleri, <em>PANS<\/em> k\u0131saltmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu ifadeler; <em>ICAO PANS-OPS, ICAO Annex 4, ICAO Doc 9713<\/em> gibi ili\u015fkili olabilecek baz\u0131 kaynaklara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda k\u0131saltma olarak yer alsalar bile bu kaynaklarda do\u011frudan tan\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<em> PANS-OPS<\/em> i\u00e7erisindeki ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mla bu ifadeler, genellikle aletli yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcrlerindeki <em>fix<\/em>&#8216;lerin irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 veya y\u00fcksekliklerini belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Area_Minimum_Altitude_AMA\"><\/span><em>Area Minimum Altitude (AMA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tanim-3\"><\/span>Tan\u0131m:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normalde paraleller ve merdiyenler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan spesifik bir alanda minimum engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan, IMC ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak minimum irtifa. <sub>ICAO Doc 8697 Definitions<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chartlara_Gore_Gerekliligi\"><\/span>Chart&#8217;lara G\u00f6re Gereklili\u011fi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Paralel ve meridyenler i\u00e7erisindeki <em>AMA<\/em> i\u00e7in.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697 Part 7 2.4.9)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ENRC<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ARC<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SID<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STAR<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">IAC<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">VAC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gerekli.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gerekli.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">MSA&#8217;ya alternatif ya da MSA kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131mlarda.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">MSA&#8217;ya alternatif ya da MSA kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131mlarda.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Engel_Acikligi_ENRC_%E2%80%93_ARC_%E2%80%93_SID_%E2%80%93_STAR\"><\/span>Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ENRC &#8211; ARC &#8211; SID &#8211; STAR):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki t\u00fcm engellerden minimum <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1000 ft (300m)<\/span>, da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2000 ft (600 m)<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AMA_Figurleri_ve_Kullanimi_ENRC_%E2%80%93_ARC_%E2%80%93_SID_%E2%80%93_STAR\"><\/span>AMA Fig\u00fcrleri ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131 (ENRC &#8211; ARC &#8211; SID &#8211; STAR):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>AMA<\/em> fig\u00fcrleri, her d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131n\u0131n merkez b\u00f6lgesinde ve prosed\u00fcrel bilgiler ile \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmayacak \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>AMA<\/em> fig\u00fcr\u00fc, chart&#8217;\u0131n kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ilgili d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131n\u0131n sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00f6sterilse bile b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131ya etki eder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>AMA<\/em> fig\u00fcr\u00fc siyah bas\u0131l\u0131 ve iki farkl\u0131 boyutta basamaklardan olu\u015fur. B\u00fcy\u00fck basamak binlikleri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck basamaklar ise feet kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa y\u00fczl\u00fckleri, metre kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa onluklar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-16.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-imagelightbox=\"0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2907\" style=\"width:275px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-16.png 229w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-16-207x300.png 207w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"En-route_Chart_%E2%80%93_ICAO_ENRC_Chartinda_Yerlesimi\"><\/span><em>En-route Chart &#8211; ICAO (ENRC)<\/em> Chart&#8217;\u0131nda Yerle\u015fimi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697 7.7-7.6)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>AMA<\/em>, paraleller ve meridyenler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar i\u00e7inde mutlaka g\u00f6sterilecektir. Y\u00fcksek enlemlerdeki, uygun otorite taraf\u0131ndan hakiki kuzeye y\u00f6nelimli chart haz\u0131rlaman\u0131n pratik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlendi\u011fi alanlar hari\u00e7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-18.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-imagelightbox=\"1\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"269\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2911\" style=\"width:300px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Y\u00fcksek enlemlerdeki, uygun otorite taraf\u0131ndan hakiki kuzeye y\u00f6nelimli chart haz\u0131rlaman\u0131n pratik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlendi\u011fi alanlarda <em>AMA<\/em>, grid&#8217;lerin referans \u00e7izgileri taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde verilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-19.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-imagelightbox=\"2\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"159\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2912\" style=\"width:300px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Area_Chart_%E2%80%93_ICAO_ARC_Chartinda_Yerlesimi\"><\/span><em>Area Chart &#8211; ICAO (ARC)<\/em> Chart&#8217;\u0131nda Yerle\u015fimi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697 7.8-8.9.3)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AMA, paraleller ve meridyenler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131 i\u00e7inde mutlaka g\u00f6sterilecektir. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se\u00e7ilen harita \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, paraleller ve meridyenler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar normalde enlem ve boylam\u0131n <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">t\u00fcm derece<\/span>sine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-13.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-3\" data-imagelightbox=\"3\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"269\" height=\"144\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2897\" style=\"width:320px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SID_ve_STAR_Chartlarinda_Yerlesimi\"><\/span><em>SID<\/em> ve <em>STAR<\/em> Chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda Yerle\u015fimi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697 7.9-9.9.3.2, 7.10-10.9.3.2)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>MSA<\/em> yay\u0131nlanmad\u0131ysa, chart mutlaka orant\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7izilecek ve <em>AMA<\/em>, paraleller ve meridyenler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar i\u00e7inde mutlaka g\u00f6sterilecektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ayr\u0131ca <em>AMA<\/em>, <em>MSA<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan kapsanmayan b\u00f6lgelerde mutlaka g\u00f6sterilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se\u00e7ilen harita \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, paraleller ve meridyenler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar normalde enlem ve boylam\u0131n <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">yar\u0131m derece<\/span>sine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-14.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-4\" data-imagelightbox=\"4\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"247\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2898\" style=\"width:315px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IAC%E2%80%98da_Area_Minimum_Altitude_AMA_Envelope\"><\/span><em>IAC<\/em>&#8216;da <em>Area Minimum Altitude (AMA) Envelope<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697 7-11-27, 7-11-28)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Haritalardaki r\u00f6lyef bilgileri ile ilgili yaz\u0131m\u0131zda a\u00e7\u0131klanan kontur b\u00f6lgeleri (<em>contour envelope<\/em>), t\u00fcm bilinen engelleri i\u00e7erir ve gerekti\u011fi yerlerde, kontur b\u00f6lgelerinin \u015fekli, <em>AMA<\/em> b\u00f6lgesi (<em>AMA envelope<\/em>) haline gelecek \u015fekilde ayarlanabilir. Havaalan\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00e7evresindeki alanda, havaalan\u0131 rak\u0131m\u0131ndan 500 ft (150 m)&#8217;den daha y\u00fcksek izole engeller, merkezi engel, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 1 NM (1.8 km) olan \u00e7ember olarak \u00e7izilen kendi kontur b\u00f6lgelerini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/haritalarda-rolyef-bilgilerinin-gosterilmesi\/\">Haritalarda R\u00f6lyef Bilgilerinin G\u00f6sterilmesi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Havaalan\u0131 rak\u0131m\u0131ndan 500 ft (150 m)&#8217;yi a\u015fan grup engellerin olmas\u0131 durumunda (\u00d6r. iki kule veya baca), engellerin \u00e7evresindeki iki adet \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131k veya biti\u015fik \u00e7ember, kesi\u015fim yerlerinden biti\u015fik \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmelidir. \u0130kiden fazla grup engelde de benzer mant\u0131k izlenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kontur b\u00f6lgesinin rak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n veya top spot rak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n\/y\u00fcksekli\u011finin yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve minimum arazi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n eklenmesinin zihinsel s\u00fcrecine olan ihtiya\u00e7tan sak\u0131nmak i\u00e7in kontur b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131ndaki alan, uygun <em>AMA<\/em> fig\u00fcrleriyle i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sonu\u00e7 olarak, her en \u00fcst kontur b\u00f6lgesi, <em>highest spot elevation\/height<\/em> yerine ilgili AMA fig\u00fcrlerini i\u00e7erir ve kontur b\u00f6lgeleri (<em>contour envelope<\/em>) art\u0131k AMA b\u00f6lgeleri (<em>AMA envelope<\/em>) halini al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-29.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-5\" data-imagelightbox=\"5\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"421\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-29.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2971\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-29.png 421w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-29-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AMA fig\u00fcrleri, t\u00fcm arazi ve engellerin \u00fczerinden <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1000 ft (300 m)<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k i\u00e7erirler ve en yak\u0131n sonraki 100 ft (30 m)&#8217;ye yuvarlan\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu <em>AMA<\/em> fig\u00fcrleri siyah bas\u0131l\u0131r.  De\u011ferler, iki farkl\u0131 boyuttaki basamaklarla ifade edilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck basamak feet veya metre olarak binler basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck basamaklar da 100 ft ya da 10 m&#8217;lik art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ifade eder. Feet kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa 1, metre kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa 2 adet k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck basamak bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-30.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-6\" data-imagelightbox=\"6\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"314\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2972\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-30.png 314w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-30-300x221.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 314px) 100vw, 314px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu durumun operasyonel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan baz\u0131 yararlar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Birincil \u00f6neme sahip, yerle\u015fik bir g\u00fcvenlik pay\u0131na sahip ve herhangi bir ek yorum veya hesaplama gerektirmeyen bilgiler sunar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En-route haritalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilen <em>AMA<\/em> kavram\u0131yla uyumludur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arazi ve engellerin <em>spot elevations\/height<\/em>&#8216;ler ve co\u011frafi konturlar ile g\u00f6sterilmesinde bahsedilen dezavantajlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Sector_Altitude_MSA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tanim-4\"><\/span>Tan\u0131m:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MSA<\/em>&#8216;lar, her bir havaalan\u0131 i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulur ve ilgili havaalan\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcr\u00fc ile ili\u015fkilendirilen belirgin nokta, havaalan\u0131 referans noktas\u0131 (<em>ARP<\/em>) veya heliport referans noktas\u0131 (<em>HRP<\/em>) etraf\u0131nda <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">25 NM (46 km)<\/span><em> i\u00e7inde<\/em> en az <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1000 ft (300 m)<\/span> engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 1.3<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chartlara_Gore_Gerekliligi-2\"><\/span>Chart&#8217;lara G\u00f6re Gereklili\u011fi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MSA<\/em>&#8216;lar, her bir havaalan\u0131 i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulur ve ilgili havaalan\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcr\u00fc ile ili\u015fkilendirilen belirgin nokta, havaalan\u0131 referans noktas\u0131 (<em>ARP<\/em>) veya helikopter pisti referans noktas\u0131 (<em>HRP<\/em>) etraf\u0131nda 25 NM (46 km) i\u00e7inde en az 1000 ft (300 m) engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 1.3<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697 Part 7 2.4.9)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ENRC<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ARC<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SID<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STAR<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">IAC<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">VAC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gerekli.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gerekli.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gerekli ya da TAA uygulan\u0131r.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Irtifa_Degerinin_Belirlenmesi\"><\/span>\u0130rtifa De\u011ferinin Belirlenmesi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Att A 3.3.4)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MSA&#8217;lar \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130lgili sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7erisindeki en y\u00fcksek rak\u0131m al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En az 984 ft (300 m)&#8217;lik a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k eklenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sonu\u00e7, en yak\u0131n sonraki 100 ft ya da 50 m&#8217;ye yuvarlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda u\u00e7uluyorsa <em>MOC<\/em> de\u011feri, 984 ft (300 m) kadar art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u0131n\u0131rlardaki 5 NM (9 km)&#8217;lik tampon b\u00f6lgedeki engeller de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sekt\u00f6r irtifalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farklar \u00f6nemsizse (ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle s\u0131ras\u0131yla 100 m veya 300 ft uygun oldu\u011fu \u015fekilde), bir minimumu irtifa her sekt\u00f6re uygulanabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MSA_Sembolu\"><\/span><em>MSA<\/em> Sembol\u00fc:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8697, ICAO Annex 4)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SID, STAR i\u00e7in prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 esas alan yay\u0131nlanan MSA veya IAC i\u00e7in TAA uygulanm\u0131yorsa yay\u0131nlanan MSA mutlaka a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilir. MSA sembol\u00fc, belirli sekt\u00f6r \u015fekillerini g\u00f6stermeye y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlenebilir. MSA sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn optimum konumu, chart&#8217;\u0131n sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-20.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-7\" data-imagelightbox=\"7\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"162\" height=\"116\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2914\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-21.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-8\" data-imagelightbox=\"8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"159\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2915\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ornek_MSAlar\"><\/span>\u00d6rnek MSA&#8217;lar:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-25.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-9\" data-imagelightbox=\"9\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"188\" height=\"182\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2919\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-28.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-10\" data-imagelightbox=\"10\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"185\" height=\"190\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2922\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-24.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-11\" data-imagelightbox=\"11\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"176\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2918\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Terminal_Arrival_Altitude_TAA\"><\/span><em>Terminal Arrival Altitude (TAA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TAA_Nedir_ve_Genel_Ozellikleri\"><\/span><em>TAA<\/em> Nedir ve Genel \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bir u\u00e7ak terminal alan\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131rken ve bir <em>PBN<\/em> yakla\u015fmas\u0131 yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, prosed\u00fcrle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f uygun <em>IAF<\/em> \u00fczerinden iz s\u00fcrmelidir. <em>TAA<\/em>&#8216;lar\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131, <em>MSA<\/em> referans noktas\u0131na ili\u015fkin mesafe ve\/veya a\u00e7\u0131sal bilgi gereklili\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve bir <em>IAF<\/em>&#8216;a do\u011frudan iz s\u00fcrerken engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.3<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>TAA<\/em>, yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde 25 NM (46 km) <em>MSA<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7er. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.4<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091f9f7f6&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091f9f7f6\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"452\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3386\" style=\"width:375px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-42.png 505w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-42-300x269.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TAA_Engel_Acikligi_ve_Alani\"><\/span><em>TAA<\/em> Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Alan\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Standart <em>TAA<\/em> yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131, <em>IAF<\/em>&#8216;ten 46 km (25 NM) mesafededir ve <em>TAA<\/em>&#8216;lar aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlar genellikle <em>initial<\/em> segmentlerinin uzant\u0131lar\u0131 ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.7<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Her <em>TAA<\/em> i\u00e7in chartta g\u00f6sterilen minimum irtifalar, en az <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1000ft (300 m)<\/span> engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.8<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standart_Duzen_TAA_Bolumleri_ve_Sinirlari\"><\/span>Standart D\u00fczen, <em>TAA<\/em> B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Standart <em>TAA<\/em> d\u00fczeni, <em>IF<\/em>&#8216;ten <em>final approach fix (FAF)<\/em> veya <em>final approach point (FAP)<\/em>&#8216;e kadar olan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 bacaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve ara segment rotas\u0131n\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131yla tan\u0131mlanan \u00fc\u00e7 alandan olu\u015fur. Bu alanlar, <em>straight-in<\/em>, <em>left base<\/em> ve <em>right base<\/em> alanlar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.5<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bu standart d\u00fczende bazen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin, <em>base leg<\/em> alanlar\u0131ndan birinin veya her ikisinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.2<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>TAA<\/em> alan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, <em>TAA reference point<\/em>&#8216;ten olan bir radyal <em>area navigation (RNAV)<\/em> mesafesi ve manyetik y\u00f6nler ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. <em>TAA reference point<\/em> genellikle ilgili <em>IAF<\/em> olur, ancak baz\u0131 durumlarda <em>IF<\/em> olabilir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.6<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CT%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9CY%E2%80%9D_Arrangement_Duzeni\"><\/span><em>&#8220;T&#8221; \/ &#8220;Y&#8221; Arrangement <\/em>(D\u00fczeni):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>TAA<\/em>&#8216;lar, t\u00fcm y\u00f6nlerden u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in <em>intermediate fix (IF)<\/em> etraf\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 <em>IAF<\/em> ile \u201cT\u201d veya \u201cY\u201d d\u00fczenine dayal\u0131 bir <em>PBN<\/em> prosed\u00fcr\u00fc ile ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.1.1<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fa0354&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fa0354\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"463\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-35.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-35.png 674w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-35-300x206.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fa0875&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fa0875\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"463\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-37.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-37.png 673w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-37-300x206.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fa72c7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fa72c7\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"780\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-34.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-34.png 668w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-34-257x300.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_Down_Arcs\"><\/span><em>Step Down Arcs<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>TAA<\/em>&#8216;ler, <em>IAF<\/em>&#8216;dan mesafeyle tan\u0131mlanan <em>step down arcs<\/em> (kademeli al\u00e7alma yaylar\u0131) i\u00e7erebilir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.2<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fa8227&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fa8227\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"455\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3387\" style=\"width:375px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-43.png 505w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-43-300x270.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standart_Olmayan_TAA\"><\/span>Standart Olmayan <em>TAA<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Standart <em>TAA<\/em> tasar\u0131m\u0131nda, operasyonel gereksinimlere uyum sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. Bu t\u00fcr varyasyonlar, bir veya her iki <em>base<\/em> alan\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rabilir ya da <em>straight-in<\/em> alan\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131sal boyutunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.5.1<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E\u011fer hem sol hem de sa\u011f <em>base<\/em> alanlar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, <em>straight-in<\/em> alan\u0131, <em>straight-in IAF<\/em> veya <em>IF<\/em> \u00fczerinde, 360\u00b0&#8217;lik bir yay boyunca <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">46 km (25 NM)<\/span> yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131nda in\u015fa edilir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.5.2<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tek bir <em>TAA<\/em> i\u00e7eren prosed\u00fcrlerde, <em>TAA<\/em> alan\u0131, <em>IAF<\/em>&#8216;a y\u00f6nelik manyetik istikametlerle tan\u0131mlanan dilim \u015feklindeki sekt\u00f6rlere ayr\u0131labilir ve bir adet <em>step-down arc<\/em> i\u00e7erebilir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.5.3<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fabfbc&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fabfbc\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"458\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-39.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-39.png 506w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-39-300x272.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fac7b1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fac7b1\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"453\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-40.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-40.png 506w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-40-300x269.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091facbbd&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091facbbd\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"455\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-43.png 505w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-43-300x270.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prosedure_Giris\"><\/span>Prosed\u00fcre Giri\u015f:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir <em>TAA<\/em> alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde konumlanm\u0131\u015f bir u\u00e7ak, <em>IAF<\/em>\u2019da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">110\u00b0<\/span>\u2019yi a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, ili\u015fkili yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcr\u00fcne bir prosed\u00fcr d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeden girebilir. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda, <em>TAA<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131 110\u00b0\u2019yi a\u015fan bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f gerektirmez; e\u011fer gerekli ise, u\u00e7ak, <em>IAF<\/em>\u2019a varmadan \u00f6nce bir prosed\u00fcr d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc gerektirmeyen bir do\u011frultuda konumland\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere <em>TAA<\/em> i\u00e7inde manevra yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.4.4<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reversal_Uygulanmasi\"><\/span><em>Reversal<\/em> Uygulanmas\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u011fer prosed\u00fcre giri\u015f, <em>IAF<\/em>\u2019da 110\u00b0\u2019den daha az bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fle yap\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, bir <em>reversal<\/em> prosed\u00fcr\u00fc uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.4.5<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/racetrack-ve-reversal-procedure-icao\/\">Reversal Prosed\u00fcrleri<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fad4b0&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fad4b0\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"457\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3382\" style=\"width:375px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-38.png 506w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-38-300x271.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Varis_Holding%E2%80%98i\"><\/span>Var\u0131\u015f <em>Holding<\/em>&#8216;i:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir <em>holding<\/em> prosed\u00fcr\u00fc genellikle bir <em>IAF<\/em> veya <em>IF<\/em>\u2019de yer al\u0131r. Standart \u201cT\u201d veya \u201cY\u201d d\u00fczenindeki bir veya daha fazla <em>IAF<\/em> sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, <em>holding<\/em> paterni genellikle prosed\u00fcre giri\u015fi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yerle\u015ftirilir <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Sec. 4 2.4.6<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/holding-procedure-bekleme-proseduru-kurallari-icaofaa\/\">Holding Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fada4c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fada4c\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"458\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-39.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3383\" style=\"width:375px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-39.png 506w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-39-300x272.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimumu_Irtifa_Kriterlerinin_AIP_Yayinlarinda_Belirtilmesi\"><\/span>Minimumu \u0130rtifa Kriterlerinin AIP Yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda Belirtilmesi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO PANS-AIM Do\u011frultusunda.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIP_GEN_17_Differences_From_ICAO_Standards_Recommended_Practices_and_Procedures\"><\/span><em>AIP GEN 1.7 Differences From ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures:<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm alt\u0131nda, minimum irtifalar ve engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar varsa, belirtilebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIP_GEN_335_Minimum_Flight_Altitude\"><\/span><em>AIP GEN 3.3.5 Minimum Flight Altitude<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>AIP GEN 3.3 Air Traffic Services<\/em> alt\u0131nda bulunan bu ba\u015fl\u0131kta, minimum irtifalar\u0131n belirlenmesinde kullan\u0131lan kriterler belirtilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar, devlet taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecektir ve devletin <em>AIP<\/em> yay\u0131n\u0131n <em>GEN 3.3.5 Minimum Flight Altitude<\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ilan edilecektir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. II Part II Sec. 3 1.3.2.2<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E\u011fer hi\u00e7bir bilgi yay\u0131mlanmazsa, devlet taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir d\u00fczeltmenin uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. III Sec. 2 4.1.3<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIP_ENR_12_13_15_Bolumleri\"><\/span><em>AIP ENR 1.<\/em>2,<em> 1.3, 1.5 <\/em>B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde de, kullan\u0131lan engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k de\u011ferleri veya minimum irtifalar hakk\u0131nda bilgiler bulunabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIP_ENR_3_Bolumleri\"><\/span><em>AIP ENR 3<\/em> B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>ENR 3<\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde, <em>ATS<\/em> rotalar\u0131n\u0131n <em>MEA<\/em> veya <em>MOCA<\/em> de\u011ferleri belirtilmektedir. <em>ENR 3<\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, <em>ATS<\/em> rotalar\u0131yla alakal\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diger_Otoritelerce_Uygulanan_Uygulamalar\"><\/span>Di\u011fer Otoritelerce Uygulanan Uygulamalar: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kullanilabilen_Bazi_Diger_Kavramlar\"><\/span>Kullan\u0131labilen Baz\u0131 Di\u011fer Kavramlar:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Off-route_Altitude_MORA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Off-route Altitude (MORA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Minimum Off-route Altitude (MORA)<\/em>, genelde <em>MOCA \/ MEA gibi<\/em> rota segmentlerinin minimum irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re bu kavram\u0131n <em>ICAO<\/em> tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kavram, baz\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k otoriteleri ve chart yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmektedir. <em>EASA, Lido<\/em>,<em> Jeppesen<\/em>. Engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 otorite veya yay\u0131nc\u0131ya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grid_MORA\"><\/span><em>Grid MORA<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Grid Minimum Off-route Altitude (Grid MORA<\/em>), genelde <em>AMA gibi<\/em> harita gridlerinin minimum irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re bu kavram\u0131n <em>ICAO<\/em> tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kavram, baz\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k otoriteleri ve chart yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <em>EASA, Lido<\/em>,<em> Jeppesen<\/em>. Engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 otorite veya yay\u0131nc\u0131ya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Grid_Altitude_MGA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Grid Altitude (MGA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Minimum Grid Altitude (MGA)<\/em>, genelde <em>AMA gibi<\/em> harita gridlerinin minimum irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re bu kavram\u0131n <em>ICAO<\/em> tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kavram, baz\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k otoriteleri ve chart yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <em>EASA, Lido<\/em>. Engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 otorite veya yay\u0131nc\u0131ya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Terrain_Clearance_Altitude_MTCA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Terrain Clearance Altitude (MTCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Minimum Off-route Altitude (MORA)<\/em>, genelde rota segmentleriyle alakal\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re bu kavram\u0131n <em>ICAO<\/em> tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kavram, baz\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k otoriteleri ve chart yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <em>EASA, Lido<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maximum_Elevation_Figure_MEF\"><\/span><em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em><\/em>, genelde <em>AMA gibi<\/em> harita gridlerinin minimum irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re bu kavram\u0131n <em>ICAO<\/em> tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kavram, baz\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k otoriteleri ve chart yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <em>NATO<\/em>, <em>T.C. Harita Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>, <em>UK CAA<\/em>,<em> FAA<\/em>. ( Engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 otorite veya yay\u0131nc\u0131ya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Safe_Altitude_MSA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;<em>Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)<\/em>&#8221; \u015feklinde bir tan\u0131mlama, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131z sonucunda <em>ICAO<\/em>&#8216;da bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &#8220;<em>MSA<\/em>&#8221; k\u0131saltmas\u0131 ise <em>ICAO<\/em>&#8216;da &#8220;<em>Minimum Sector Altitude<\/em>&#8220;a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)<\/em>, bazen <em>Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA)<\/em> ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p yanl\u0131\u015f \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 otoriteler, <em>Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)<\/em> \u015feklinde farkl\u0131 veya benzer bir kavram\u0131 ifade eden bir tan\u0131mlama yapm\u0131\u015f olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <em>FAA<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;<em><em>Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude<\/em> (MOCA)<\/em>&#8221; \u015feklinde bir tan\u0131mlama, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131z sonucunda <em>ICAO<\/em>&#8216;da bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &#8220;<em>MOCA<\/em>&#8221; k\u0131saltmas\u0131 ise <em>ICAO<\/em>&#8216;da &#8220;<em>Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude<\/em>&#8220;a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em>Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude<\/em> (MOCA)<\/em> kavram\u0131, genelde rotalarla alakal\u0131 olarak baz\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k otoriteleri ve chart yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <em>EASA<\/em>, <em>FAA<\/em>,<em> Lido<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VFR_Haritalarda_Yukseltiler\"><\/span>VFR Haritalarda Y\u00fckseltiler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ICAO Aeronautical Chart Manual<\/em> VAC chartlar\u0131 i\u00e7in izohips gibi baz\u0131 topografik sembolleri tan\u0131mlar, genel VFR hartalar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6nergeler sunmaz. VFR ile ilgili haritalarda da genelde <em>AMA<\/em> veya <em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;e benzer y\u00fckselti fig\u00fcrleri kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden VFR haritalarda y\u00fckseltilerin kriterleri, harita sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 veya ilgili otoritelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir. Y\u00fckseltiler, engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamayabilir, sa\u011fl\u0131yor da olabilir. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z VFR haritalar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselti fig\u00fcrlerinin kriterleri i\u00e7in ilgili lejant veya bilgi kaynaklar\u0131na ba\u015fvurmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 otoritelerin VFR haritalar\u0131nda <em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em> kullan\u0131labilmektadir. (\u00d6rne\u011fin <em>UK CAA<\/em>, <em>T.C. HGM<\/em>, <em>FAA<\/em> vs.) <em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;lerin engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi veya i\u00e7eriyorsa ne kadar i\u00e7erdi\u011fi hakk\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z haritan\u0131n\u0131n varsa lejant\u0131 veya ilgili k\u0131lavuzuna dan\u0131\u015fmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bazi_EASA_Farkliliklari\"><\/span>Baz\u0131 <em>EASA<\/em> Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giris-2\"><\/span>Giri\u015f:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Standardised European Rules (SERA)<\/em> kurallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda <em>ICAO Annex 2<\/em> minimum irtifa kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir fark yoktur. <em>EASA Air Ops<\/em> i\u00e7erisinde, k\u0131lavuzun kapsam\u0131 da gere\u011fi minimum irtifalar\u0131n do\u011frudan tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleticilerin minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesi gereklili\u011fi ve hesaba katmas\u0131 gereken fakt\u00f6rler verilmi\u015ftir. Minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7inde rehber materyal (GM) yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu d\u00fczenleme verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CAT.OP.MPA.145 Establishment of minimum flight altitudes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) The operator shall establish for all route segments to be flown:<br>(1) minimum flight altitudes that provide the required terrain clearance, taking into account the requirements of Subpart C; and<br>(2) a method for the flight crew to determine those altitudes.<br>(b) The method for establishing minimum flight altitudes shall be approved by the competent authority.<br>(c) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Where the minimum flight altitudes established by the operator and a State overflown differ, the higher values shall apply.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayr\u0131ca \u015fu ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan kural (AMC) mevcuttur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-06d7c0fe wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>AMC1 CAT.OP.MPA.145(a) Establishment of minimum flight altitudes<\/strong><br>ED Decision 2014\/015\/R<br>CONSIDERATIONS FOR ESTABLISHING MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDES<br>(a) The operator should take into account the following factors when establishing minimum flight altitudes:<br>(1) the accuracy with which the position of the aircraft can be determined;<br>(2) the probable inaccuracies in the indications of the altimeters used;<br>(3) the characteristics of the terrain, such as sudden changes in the elevation, along the routes or in the areas where operations are to be conducted;<br>(4) the probability of encountering unfavourable meteorological conditions, such as severe turbulence and descending air currents; and<br>(5) possible inaccuracies in aeronautical charts.<br>(b) The operator should also consider:<br>(1) corrections for temperature and pressure variations from standard values;<br>(2) ATC requirements; and<br>(3) any foreseeable contingencies along the planned route. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>AMC1.1 CAT.OP.MPA.145(a) Establishment of minimum flight altitudes<\/strong><br>ED Decision 2014\/015\/R<br>CONSIDERATIONS FOR ESTABLISHING MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDES<br>This AMC provides another means of complying with the rule for VFR operations of other-than-complex motor-powered aircraft by day, compared to that presented in AMC1 CAT.OP.MPA.145(a). The safety objective should be satisfied if the operator ensures that operations are only conducted along such routes or within such areas for which a safe terrain clearance can be maintained and take account of such factors as temperature, terrain and unfavourable meteorological conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_irtifalarin_belirlenmesi\"><\/span>Minimum irtifalar\u0131n belirlenmesi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015fleticilerin minimum irtifalar\u0131 belirleyebilmesi i\u00e7in bir rehber materyal (GM) yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (GM1 CAT.OP.MPA.145(a))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lgili GM&#8217;nin i\u00e7eri\u011finde, uygulanabilecek y\u00f6ntemler olarak KSS, Jeppesen, Atlas, Lido&#8217;nun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler, bu kaynaklar belirtilerek ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Haliyle \u015fu kavramlar k\u0131lavuz i\u00e7erisinde yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minimum obstacle clearance altitude (MOCA) &#8211; <em>KSS<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum off-route altitude (MORA) &#8211; <em>Jeppesen<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Route MORA &#8211; <em>Jeppesen<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grid MORA &#8211; <em>Jeppesen<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum en-route altitude (MEA) &#8211; <em>Atlas<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum terrain clearance altitude (MTCA) &#8211; <em>Lido<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum grid altitude (MGA) &#8211; <em>Lido<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimum safe grid altitude (MGA) &#8211; <em>Atlas<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bazi_NATO_MIPS_Degisiklik_veya_Eklemeleri\"><\/span>Baz\u0131 <em>NATO \/ MIPS<\/em> De\u011fi\u015fiklik veya Eklemeleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maximum_Elevation_Figure_MEF-2\"><\/span><em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giris-3\"><\/span>Giri\u015f:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em>, <em>NATO<\/em>&#8216;nun haritalar ile ilgili <em>STANAG<\/em> (standardizasyon anla\u015fmas\u0131) ve k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131nda yer alan bir terimdir, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde <em>NATO<\/em> d\u00fczenlemelerine uygun haz\u0131rlanan <em>VFR<\/em> haritalar\u0131, <em>SAC (Special Air Chart)<\/em> (NATO terimi) gibi haritalarda yer alabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MEF%E2%80%98in_Hesaplanmasi_ve_Sagladigi_Aciklik\"><\/span><em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;in Hesaplanmas\u0131 ve Sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu anla\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 (<em>STANAG 3591<\/em>), havac\u0131l\u0131k haritalar\u0131nda belirlenmi\u015f d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterilecekleri zaman &#8220;Maksimum Y\u00fckseklik Rakamlar\u0131&#8221;n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131n\u0131 standartla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fma, yerden 200 fit veya daha fazla y\u00fckseklikteki engelleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in bir operasyonel gereklili\u011fin var oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. <sub>NATO STANAG 3591, 1<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MEF<\/em> hesaplan\u0131rken baz\u0131 ara kavramlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Non Represented Allowance (NRA)<\/em>: Haritada g\u00f6sterilmeyen engeller i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir pay olarak tan\u0131mlanan bir rakamd\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar harita spesifikasyonunun gerekliliklerinin alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. <em>NRA<\/em> normalde yerden 200 ft y\u00fcksekte olsa da, harita \u00fcreten \u00fclkeler bu rakam\u0131 engeller i\u00e7in yasal raporlama gerekliliklerine uyacak \u015fekilde art\u0131rabilir; tipik olarak 100 m (328 ft). <sub>(NATO STANAG 3591, 2 b)<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Obstruction Elevation Accuracy Figure:<\/em> Bir engelin y\u00fcksekli\u011finin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesindeki yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate alan bir rakamd\u0131r. Kayna\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, m\u00fchendislik \u00e7izimlerinden elde edilen rak\u0131mlar, hava foto\u011fraflar\u0131ndan elde edilenlerden daha tutarl\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>(NATO STANAG 3591, 2 c)<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Terrain Elevation Accuracy Figure:<\/em> Arazi y\u00fcksekliklerinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesindeki yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 hesaba katan de\u011fi\u015fken bir rakamd\u0131r. Bu rakam bir topo\u011frafik haritadan veya \u00e7izelgeden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kontur aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve haritan\u0131n veya \u00e7izelgenin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fine dikkat edilmelidir. <sub>(NATO STANAG 3591, 2 d)<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;in hesaplanmas\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(NATO STANAG 3591, 3 b)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Engel Hesab\u0131: En y\u00fcksek insan yap\u0131m\u0131 engelin \u00fcst noktas\u0131n\u0131n <em>AMSL<\/em> y\u00fcksekli\u011fi bulunur. Buna, <em>Obstruction Elevation Accuracy Figure<\/em> ve <em>Terrain Elevation Accuracy Figure<\/em> eklenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arazi Hesab\u0131: En y\u00fcksek do\u011fal arazinin <em>AMSL<\/em> y\u00fcksekli\u011fi bulunur. Buna, <em>Non Represented Allowance (NRA)<\/em> ve <em>Terrain Elevation Accuracy Figure<\/em> eklenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gerekirse, y\u00fczler fit cinsinden tam bir de\u011fer elde etmek i\u00e7in, her iki sonu\u00e7 rakam\u0131, bir sonraki daha y\u00fcksek y\u00fcz feet seviyesine yuvarlan\u0131r. \u0130ki rakamdan daha y\u00fcksek olan\u0131 <em>MEF<\/em> olarak al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MEF%E2%80%98in_Haritalarda_Gosterimi\"><\/span><em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;in Haritalarda G\u00f6sterimi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>MEF<\/em>, havac\u0131l\u0131k haritalar\u0131nda yer alacakt\u0131r ve t\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00e7ekler i\u00e7in zorunludur. <sub>NATO STANAG 3412 Ed. 5, 4<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;in Sembol\u00fc: <sub>NATO STANAG 3675 IGEO Ed. 2, Annex A<\/sub><br><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"49\" class=\"wp-image-3233\" style=\"width: 550px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.png 699w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-300x27.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MEF, her belirlenmi\u015f d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131da haritan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterilecektir. Rehberlik olarak, belirlenmi\u015f d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar normalde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00f6sterilecektir: <sub>NATO STANAG 3591, 3 a<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">Enlem \/ \u00d6l\u00e7ek<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1:1,000,000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1:500,000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1:250,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">0\u00b0 &#8211; 56\u00b0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1\u00b0lik d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30&#8217;l\u0131k d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15&#8217;l\u0131k d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131lar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">56\u00b0 &#8211; 72\u00b0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ift say\u0131 boylamlar<br>1\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 boylamlar<br>30&#8242; aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30&#8242; aral\u0131kl\u0131 boylamlar<br>15&#8242; aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">72\u00b0 &#8211; 84\u00b0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 4&#8217;b\u00f6l\u00fcnen \u00e7ift say\u0131 boylamlar<br>1\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 boylamlar<br>30&#8242; aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 boylamlar<br>15&#8242; aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">84\u00b0 &#8211; 90\u00b0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ift say\u0131 boylamlar<br>1\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ift say\u0131 boylamlar<br>30&#8242; aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3\u00b0 aral\u0131kl\u0131 boylamlar<br>15&#8242; aral\u0131kl\u0131 enlemler<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><sub>NATO STANAG 3591, 3 a (1) (2) (3)<\/sub>  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Safe_Altitude_100_NM_Emergency_Safe_Altitude\"><\/span><em>Safe Altitude 100 NM \/ Emergency Safe Altitude:<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Havaalan\u0131 referans noktas\u0131 (<em>ARP<\/em>)&#8217;dan <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">100 NM<\/span> yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli irtifa belirlenmelidir. G\u00fcvenli irtifa, da\u011fl\u0131k olmayan alanlarda en az 984 f engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. E\u011fer \u00e7ember, da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yorsa engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1969 ft&#8217;e \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130rtifalar, bir sonraki 100 ft&#8217;e yuvarlan\u0131r. Prosed\u00fcr \u00fczerinde &#8220;<em>SAFE ALTITUDE 100 NM<\/em>&#8221; \u015feklinde uygun \u015fekilde belirtilir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda &#8220;<em>Emergency Safe Altitude<\/em>&#8221; olarak da s\u00f6ylenebilir. <sub>NATO AFPP-1 Chp 2 2.7<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT:<\/strong> Da\u011fl\u0131k alan tan\u0131m\u0131, <em>ICAO<\/em> ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek bir <em>Safe Altitude 100 NM<\/em> i\u00e7eren ve <em>MIPS<\/em> esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re tasarlanm\u0131\u015f IAC chart&#8217;\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-15.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-12\" data-imagelightbox=\"12\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"738\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2901\" style=\"width:425px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-15.png 694w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-15-282x300.png 282w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jeppesen%E2%80%98in_Minimum_Irtifalari_Belirtmesi\"><\/span><em>Jeppesen<\/em>&#8216;in Minimum \u0130rtifalar\u0131 Belirtmesi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jeppesen_Tarafindan_Turetilen_Bazi_Minimum_Irtifa_Kavramlari\"><\/span><em>Jeppesen<\/em> Taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcretilen Baz\u0131 Minimum \u0130rtifa Kavramlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Off-route_Altitude_MORA_Ozellikleri\"><\/span><em>Minimum Off-route Altitude (MORA)<\/em> \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Jeppesen AWM, Introduction &#8211; Glassory)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu, <em>Jeppesen<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilen bir irtifad\u0131r. <em>MORA<\/em>, rota merkez hatt\u0131n\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131nda <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">10 NM<\/span>&#8216;lik bilinen engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar ve rota segmentini tan\u0131mlayan radyo <em>fix<\/em>&#8216;i veya kesinti noktalar\u0131ndan 10 NM yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Arazi ve insan yap\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in <em>Grid MORA<\/em>&#8216;ya bak\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Route_MORA_Ozellikleri\"><\/span><em>Route MORA<\/em> \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu, <em>Jeppesen<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilen bir irtifad\u0131r. <em>Route MORA<\/em> irtifas\u0131, rota merkez hatt\u0131ndan (rota geni\u015fli\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak) ve u\u00e7 fix&#8217;lerden 10 NM i\u00e7erisinde referans noktas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bir <em>Route MORA<\/em>, bir rota boyunca &#8220;unknown&#8221; olarak g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde, bu eksik veya yetersiz bilgiden kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Route MORA<\/em> de\u011ferleri, en y\u00fcksek referans noktalar\u0131n\u0131n 5000 ft MSL veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu alanlarda t\u00fcm referans noktalar\u0131ndan <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1000 ft<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Route MORA<\/em> de\u011ferleri, en y\u00fcksek referans noktalar\u0131n\u0131n 5001 ft MSL veya daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu alanlarda t\u00fcm referans noktalar\u0131ndan <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2000 ft<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grid_MORA_Ozellikleri\"><\/span><em>Grid MORA<\/em> \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Jeppesen AWM, Introduction &#8211; Glassory)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jeppesen taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilen veya devlet otoriteleri taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan bir irtifa. <em>Grid MORA<\/em> irtifas\u0131, enlem ve boylam \u00e7izgileriyle belirtilen b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7inde arazi ve insan yap\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <em>MORA<\/em>, seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sinyal kapsam\u0131 veya ileti\u015fim kapsam\u0131 sa\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jeppesen taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilen <em>Grid MORA<\/em> de\u011ferleri, en y\u00fcksek rak\u0131mlar\u0131n 5000 ft MSL veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu alanlarda t\u00fcm arazi ve insan yap\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lardan 1000 ft a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar. MORA de\u011ferleri, en y\u00fcksek rak\u0131mlar\u0131n 5001 ft MSL veya daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu alanlarda t\u00fcm arazi ve insan yap\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lardan <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2000 ft<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Bir <em>Grid MORA<\/em> &#8220;Unsurveyed&#8221; olarak g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde, bu eksik veya yetersiz bilgiden kaynaklan\u0131r. Grid MORA de\u011ferlerinin ard\u0131ndan &#8220;+\/-&#8221; geliyorsa do\u011frulu\u011fun \u015f\u00fcpheli oldu\u011funu belirtir, ancak yeterli referans noktas\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Devlet otoritesi taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan <em>Grid MORA (State)<\/em> irtifas\u0131, da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda 2000 ft ve da\u011fl\u0131k olmayan alanlarda <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1000 ft<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bazi_Jeppesen_Chart_Sembolleri\"><\/span>Baz\u0131 <em>Jeppesen<\/em> Chart Sembolleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Jeppesen AWM, Introduction &#8211; Symbols)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Route_MORA_Grid_MORA\"><\/span><em>Route MORA, Grid MORA<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fb1974&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fb1974\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"834\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3253\" style=\"width:331px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-2.png 504w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-2-181x300.png 181w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>14: <strong><em>Grid MORA<\/em>:<\/strong> 10000 fit ve \u00fczeri de\u011ferler bordo renkli, 10000 fitten az de\u011ferler ye\u015fil renklidir. De\u011ferler, y\u00fczl\u00fck fitler olarak g\u00f6sterilir.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>45: <strong><em>Route MORA<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Safe_Sector_Altitude_MSA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Safe \/ Sector Altitude (MSA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fb3ba3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fb3ba3\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"472\" height=\"131\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3255\" style=\"width:414px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-3.png 472w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-3-300x83.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Terminal_Arrival_Area_Terminal_Arrival_Altitude_TAA\"><\/span><em>Terminal Arrival Area \/ Terminal Arrival Altitude (TAA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fb5608&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fb5608\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"465\" height=\"498\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3256\" style=\"width:343px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-4.png 465w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-4-280x300.png 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lido%E2%80%98nun_Minimum_Irtifalari_Belirtmesi\"><\/span><em>Lido<\/em>&#8216;nun Minimum \u0130rtifalar\u0131 Belirtmesi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lido_Tarafindan_Turetilen_Bazi_Minimum_Irtifa_Kavramlari\"><\/span><em>Lido<\/em> Taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcretilen Baz\u0131 Minimum \u0130rtifa Kavramlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Grid_Altitude_MGA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Grid Altitude (MGA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Lido Route Manual, RAR 2.11.1.7)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MGA<\/em>, track d\u0131\u015f\u0131na u\u00e7ulabilen en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcvenli irtifay\u0131 temsil eder. <em>MGA<\/em>, ilgili grid alan\u0131ndaki en y\u00fcksek engelin y\u00fcksekli\u011finin bir sonraki 100 ft&#8217;ye yuvarlanmas\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>6000 ft&#8217;e kadar olan arazi ve engeller i\u00e7in 1000 ft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6000 ft&#8217;in \u00fcst\u00fcndeki arazi ve engeller i\u00e7in 2000 ft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Lido Route Manual, RAR 2.11.1.9)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>VOR <\/em>hava yollar\u0131, hava yolu d\u0131\u015f\u0131 rotalar veya rota segmentleri \u00fczerindeki radyo sabitlemeleri aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan ve t\u00fcm rota segmenti i\u00e7in engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131layan ve yaln\u0131zca <em>VOR<\/em>&#8216;dan 25 SM (22 NM) uzakl\u0131kta, kabul edilebilir seyir sinyali kapsam\u0131n\u0131 garanti eden en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f irtifad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Terrain_Clearance_Altitude_MTCA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Terrain Clearance Altitude (MTCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Lido Route Manual, RAR 2.11.1.12)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MTCA<\/em>, t\u00fcm <em>ATS<\/em> rotalar\u0131, t\u00fcm <em>STAR<\/em> (<em>IAF<\/em>&#8216;a veya e\u015fde\u011fer u\u00e7 noktaya kadar) ve <em>SID<\/em> segmentlerindeki se\u00e7ili havaalanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in arazi ve engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir irtifay\u0131 temsil eder. <em>MTCA<\/em>, <em>L<\/em>ido taraf\u0131ndan hesaplan\u0131r ve hava seyr\u00fcseferi i\u00e7in ilgili arazi ve engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tamponlarla kapsar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fb73ad&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fb73ad\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"747\" height=\"113\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3262\" style=\"width:587px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-5.png 747w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-5-300x45.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bazi_Lido_Chart_Sembolleri\"><\/span>Baz\u0131 <em>L<\/em>ido Chart Sembolleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Lido Route Manual, LAT)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Enroute_Altitude_MEA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fb8339&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fb8339\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"465\" height=\"339\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3266\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-7.png 465w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-7-300x219.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Obstacle_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fb9a3f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fb9a3f\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"115\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3267\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-8.png 463w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-8-300x75.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Terrain_Clearance_Altitude_MTCA-3\"><\/span><em>Minimum Terrain Clearance Altitude (MTCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fba13d&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fba13d\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"464\" height=\"111\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3272\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-13.png 464w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-13-300x72.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fba666&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fba666\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"464\" height=\"573\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3273\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-14.png 464w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-14-243x300.png 243w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Grid_Altitude_MGA-3\"><\/span><em>Minimum Grid Altitude (MGA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fbbebe&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fbbebe\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"349\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3268\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-9.png 463w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-9-300x226.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Sector_Altitude_MSA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fbc452&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fbc452\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"309\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3269\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-10.png 463w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-10-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fbc95a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fbc95a\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"243\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3270\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-11.png 463w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-11-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Terminal_Arrival_Altitude_TAA-2\"><\/span><em>Terminal Arrival Altitude (TAA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fbcea9&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fbcea9\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"188\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3271\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-12.png 463w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-12-300x122.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bazi_FAA_Farkliliklari\"><\/span>Baz\u0131 <em>FAA<\/em> Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Genel_Kurallar\"><\/span>Genel Kurallar:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(US FAR \u00a7 91.119)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gerek kalk\u0131\u015f veya ini\u015f i\u00e7in zorunlu olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, hi\u00e7 kimse a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki irtifalar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir hava arac\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) <strong>Herhangi bir yerde.<\/strong> Bir g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcnitesi ar\u0131zalan\u0131rsa, y\u00fczeydeki ki\u015filere veya m\u00fclklere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir tehlike olu\u015fturmadan bir acil ini\u015fe izin veren bir irtifa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) <strong>Yo\u011fun yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde.<\/strong> Bir \u015fehir, kasaba veya yerle\u015fim yerinin \u00fczerinde ya da a\u00e7\u0131k hava toplanma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, hava arac\u0131n\u0131n 2000 fit yatay yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan en y\u00fcksek engelin 1000 fit \u00fczerinde bir irtifa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) <strong>Yo\u011fun yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 olmayan b\u00f6lgelerin \u00fczerinde.<\/strong> Y\u00fczeyin 500 fit \u00fczerinde bir irtifa, a\u00e7\u0131k su veya seyrek n\u00fcfuslu b\u00f6lgeler hari\u00e7. Bu durumlarda, hava arac\u0131 hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fiye, gemiye, araca veya yap\u0131ya 500 fitten daha fazla yakla\u015famaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) <strong>Helikopterler, motorlu para\u015f\u00fctler ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayd\u0131rmal\u0131 hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/strong> E\u011fer operasyon, y\u00fczeydeki ki\u015filere veya m\u00fclklere bir tehlike olu\u015fturmadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirse\u2014<br>(1) Bir helikopter, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn (b) veya (c) paragraflar\u0131nda belirtilen minimumlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir, ancak her helikopter operat\u00f6r\u00fc FAA taraf\u0131ndan helikopterler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak belirlenmi\u015f rotalara veya irtifalara uymak zorundad\u0131r; ve<br>(2) Motorlu para\u015f\u00fct veya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayd\u0131rmal\u0131 bir hava arac\u0131, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn (c) paragraf\u0131nda belirtilen minimumlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Irtifalara_Altimetre_Dogrultmasi\"><\/span>Minimum \u0130rtifalara Altimetre Do\u011frultmas\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(US FAR \u00a7 91.121 (c))<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minimum irtifay\u0131 <strong>\u00a7 91.119<\/strong> (&#8220;Genel Kurallar&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) ve <strong>\u00a7<\/strong> <strong>91.177<\/strong> (MOCA, MEA) kapsam\u0131nda belirtilen minimum u\u00e7u\u015f seviyesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in, pilot minimum irtifan\u0131n fit cinsinden u\u00e7u\u015f seviyesi e\u015fde\u011ferini almal\u0131 ve mevcut rapor edilen altimetre ayar\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen uygun fit de\u011ferini eklemelidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fbf26e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fbf26e\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"391\" height=\"202\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-46.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3409\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-46.png 391w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-46-300x155.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yazida_ICAO_Tanimlamasi_Yapilan_Irtifalardan_FAA%E2%80%98da_Yer_Almayanlar\"><\/span>Yaz\u0131da <em>ICAO<\/em> Tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 Yap\u0131lan \u0130rtifalardan <em>FAA<\/em>&#8216;da Yer Almayanlar:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Area Minimum Altitude (AMA)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Terminal Arrival Altitude (TAA)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yazida_ICAO_Tanimlamasi_Yapilan_Irtifalardan_FAA%E2%80%98da_Kullanilanlar_ve_Farkliliklari\"><\/span>Yaz\u0131da <em>ICAO<\/em> Tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 Yap\u0131lan \u0130rtifalardan <em>FAA<\/em>&#8216;da Kullan\u0131lanlar ve Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Enroute_Altitude_MEA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MEA<\/em>, iki <em>radio fix<\/em> aras\u0131ndaki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f irtifad\u0131r ve kabul edilebilir navigasyon sinyal kapsamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve bu <em>fix<\/em>&#8216;ler aras\u0131ndaki engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lar. Bir Federal <em>airway<\/em> veya segment, <em>RNAV low<\/em> veya <em>high route<\/em> ya da di\u011fer do\u011frudan rotalar i\u00e7in belirlenen <em>MEA<\/em>, <em>airway<\/em>, segment veya rotay\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan <em>radio fix<\/em>&#8216;ler aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm geni\u015flik i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Tamamen kontroll\u00fc hava sahas\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan rotalar i\u00e7in <em>MEA<\/em>&#8216;lar, ge\u00e7i\u015f alanlar\u0131nda tabandan en az 300 feet, kontrol alanlar\u0131nda ise en az 500 feet tampon sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. <em>MEA<\/em>&#8216;lar, arazi ve yapay nesneler \u00fczerindeki engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, navigasyon tesis performans\u0131n\u0131n yeterlili\u011fi ve ileti\u015fim gereksinimlerine dayal\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fbfb29&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fbfb29\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"80\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3363\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:416px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23.png 346w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23-300x69.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Reception_Altitude_MRA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MRA<\/em>\u2019lar, <em>FAA<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015f denetimi taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm u\u00e7u\u015f rotas\u0131 boyunca sinyalin al\u0131nabilece\u011fi minimum irtifay\u0131 belirlemek amac\u0131yla rota \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan incelemelerle belirlenir. Bu, hem rota \u00fczerindeki hem de rota d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki <em>NAVAID<\/em> tesislerini ve bir <em>fix<\/em>&#8216;i tan\u0131mlayan sinyalleri kapsar. <em>Fix<\/em> \u00fczerindeki <em>MRA<\/em>, <em>MEA<\/em>&#8216;dan daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda, o <em>fix<\/em> i\u00e7in bir <em>MRA<\/em> belirlenir ve bu, bir kesi\u015fimin tan\u0131mlanabilece\u011fi en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck irtifad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Crossing_Altitude_MCA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MCA<\/em>, bir hava arac\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek bir minimum <em>enroute<\/em> <em>IFR<\/em> irtifas\u0131na do\u011fru ilerlerken, belirli <em>fix<\/em>&#8216;lerde ge\u00e7mesi gereken en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck irtifad\u0131r. <em>MCA<\/em>, engellerin, pilotlar\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek bir <em>MEA<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu bir noktadan sonra normal bir t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fi durumlarda olu\u015fturulur. <em>MCA<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n belirlenmesinde, birincil ve ikincil alanlar i\u00e7in korunan <em>enroute<\/em> alan\u0131ndaki dikey engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereksinimleri dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAA_Tarafindan_Kullanilan_Diger_Minimum_Irtifalar\"><\/span><em>FAA<\/em> Taraf\u0131ndan Kullan\u0131lan Di\u011fer Minimum \u0130rtifalar:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CG%E2%80%9D_Onekli_GNSS_MEA\"><\/span>&#8220;G&#8221; \u00d6nekli <em>GNSS MEA<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Genel bir kural olarak, <em>airway\/route<\/em> verileri chartta, <em>airway<\/em> ile ayn\u0131 renkte g\u00f6sterilir; bir istisna hari\u00e7: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mavi renkte chartta g\u00f6sterilen, <em>Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)<\/em> <em>MEA<\/em>\u2019lar\u0131, &#8220;G&#8221; eki ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve <em>Global Positioning System (GPS)<\/em> navigasyonu kullanarak bu <em>airway<\/em>&#8216;leri u\u00e7an hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in &#8220;<em>V<\/em>&#8221; ve &#8220;<em>colored airway<\/em>&#8220;\u2019lere eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc02a8&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc02a8\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"80\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3363\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:416px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23.png 346w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23-300x69.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_MOCA-3\"><\/span><em>Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MOCA<\/em>, <em>VOR airway<\/em>&#8216;lerde, <em>off-airway<\/em> rotalarda veya rota segmentlerinde, engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layan ve rota segmentinin tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f irtifad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, kabul edilebilir navigasyon sinyal kapsamas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir <em>VOR<\/em>&#8216;dan 25 SM (22 NM) mesafeye kadar sa\u011flar. <em>MOCA<\/em>, yaln\u0131zca <em>Enroute Low Charts<\/em> \u00fczerinde g\u00f6sterilir ve yaln\u0131zca <em>MEA<\/em>\u2019dan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. G\u00f6sterildi\u011finde, bir y\u0131ld\u0131z i\u015faretiyle (*) ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc076a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc076a\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"80\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3363\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:416px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23.png 346w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-23-300x69.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Turning_Altitude_MTA\"><\/span><em>Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA)<\/em>, belirli <em>fix<\/em>&#8216;ler, <em>NAVAID<\/em>&#8216;ler, <em>waypoint<\/em>&#8216;ler ve chart edilmi\u015f rota segmentleri \u00fczerinde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f kriterlerine dayal\u0131 olarak dikey ve yatay engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir chart edilmi\u015f irtifad\u0131r. Bir <em>VHF airway<\/em> veya rota bir <em>NAVAID<\/em> ya da <em>fix<\/em>\u2019te sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, birincil alan bu sonlanma noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine uzan\u0131r. <em>VHF airway<\/em>\u2019lerde ve rotalarda rota de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gerekti\u011finde, enroute engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in birincil ve ikincil engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletir. <em>Fix<\/em> ge\u00e7i\u015finde veya sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler <em>airway<\/em> ve rota s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fabilece\u011finden, pilotlar\u0131n <em>fix<\/em> \u00f6ncesinde erken d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yaparak <em>airway<\/em> ve rota koruma hava sahas\u0131na uymalar\u0131 beklenir. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131, hem d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f tahmini (<em>fix<\/em> \u00f6ncesinde d\u00f6nme) hem de ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131 koruma (<em>fix<\/em>\u2019i ge\u00e7tikten sonra d\u00f6nme) i\u00e7in engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Daha y\u00fcksek bir <em>MTA<\/em> gerektiren d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f <em>fix<\/em>&#8216;leri, bayrak simgesiyle birlikte <em>MTA<\/em> k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir metinle chartda g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_Safe_Altitude_MSA-2\"><\/span><em>Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT:<\/strong> <em>Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)<\/em> adland\u0131rmas\u0131 <em>FAA<\/em> kaynaklar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve <em>ICAO<\/em> adland\u0131rmas\u0131 olan <em>Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA)<\/em> ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MSA<\/em>\u2019lar, acil durumlarda kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in <em>IAP<\/em> chartlar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. <em>MSA<\/em>\u2019lar, t\u00fcm <em>IAP<\/em>\u2019lerin plan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer al\u0131r; ancak <em>Terminal Arrival Area (TAA)<\/em> kullan\u0131lan yakla\u015fmalar i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterilmez. <em>MSA<\/em>, <em>IAP<\/em>\u2019nin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 birincil <em>NAVAID<\/em>, <em>waypoint<\/em> veya havaalan\u0131 referans noktas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Yakla\u015fma chart\u0131ndaki <em>MSA<\/em> g\u00f6sterimi, <em>MSA<\/em> irtifalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan <em>NAVAID\/waypoint\/airport<\/em>&#8216;un tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. <em>MSA<\/em>&#8216;lar deniz seviyesinden fit cinsinden ifade edilir ve genellikle 25 NM yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131nda olur; ancak havaalan\u0131 ini\u015f y\u00fczeylerini kapsamak i\u00e7in gerekirse bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap 30 NM\u2019ye geni\u015fletilebilir. \u0130deal olarak, tek bir sekt\u00f6r irtifas\u0131 olu\u015fturulur ve yakla\u015fma chartlar\u0131n\u0131n plan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterilir; ancak engellerden kurtulmak i\u00e7in gerekirse alan daha fazla sekt\u00f6re ayr\u0131labilir ve d\u00f6rt adede kadar <em>MSA<\/em> belirlenebilir. Belirlenen sekt\u00f6rler en az 90\u00b0 yay\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <em>MSA<\/em>\u2019lar, t\u00fcm engeller \u00fczerinde <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1000 fit<\/span> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar; ancak kabul edilebilir navigasyon sinyal kapsamas\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka garanti etmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc2450&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc2450\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"170\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-24.png 756w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-24-300x67.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Terminal_Arrival_Area_TAA\"><\/span><em>Terminal Arrival Area (TAA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>TAA<\/em> ikonlar\u0131, prosed\u00fcrle olan ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6re plan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde konumland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kon \u00fczerinde <em>feeder route<\/em>, <em>airway<\/em> veya <em>radar vector<\/em> g\u00f6sterimi bulunmaz. <em>TAA<\/em>, <em>Area Navigation (RNAV)<\/em> sistemleri ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f u\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in enroute yap\u0131dan terminal ortam\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flar ve bu s\u0131rada pilot ile hava trafik kontrol\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fim minimum seviyede tutulur. Standart bir <em>TAA<\/em>, \u00fc\u00e7 alandan olu\u015fur: <em>straight-in<\/em>, <em>left base<\/em> ve <em>right base<\/em>. <em>TAA<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 alan\u0131ndaki yay s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, yakla\u015fman\u0131n yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmleridir. <em>TAA<\/em>, <em>TAA<\/em> s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken standart engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile minimum irtifalar sa\u011flar. <em>TAA<\/em>\u2019lar, esas olarak <em>RNAV<\/em> yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r; ancak <em>RNAV<\/em>&#8216;\u0131n <em>IF<\/em>&#8216;e navigasyon i\u00e7in tek y\u00f6ntem oldu\u011fu durumlarda bir <em>ILS<\/em> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda da kullan\u0131labilir. Bununla birlikte, genellikle yo\u011fun hava trafi\u011fi bulunan b\u00f6lgelerde kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc2bc4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc2bc4\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"574\" height=\"437\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-25.png 574w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-25-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Standart d\u0131\u015f\u0131 <em>TAA<\/em>&#8216;lar da yay\u0131nlanabilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin: one base leg, no base legs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc314f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc314f\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"482\" height=\"360\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-26.png 482w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-26-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minimum_IFR_Altitude_MIA\"><\/span><em>Minimum IFR Altitude (MIA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(US TERPS ve FAA Order JO 7210.37J&#8217;ye dayanarak.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re baz\u0131 <em>FAA<\/em> kaynaklar\u0131nda, <em>Minimum IFR Altitude<\/em> ifadesi, &#8220;MIA&#8221; k\u0131saltmas\u0131 ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131p ayr\u0131 bir kavram ifade ediyormu\u015fcas\u0131na kullan\u0131l\u0131rken US FAR gibi baz\u0131 kaynaklarda genel olarak <em>IFR<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015flarda kullan\u0131lan minimum irtifalar\u0131 genel olarak ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilmektedir ve kavram karga\u015fas\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MIA<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n kayda de\u011fer bir kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131k lakin baz\u0131 hava trafik y\u00f6netimi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor gibi duruyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda <em>US TERPS<\/em> i\u00e7erisinde baz\u0131 hesaplamalarda da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <em>MIA<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n belirlenmesiyle alakal\u0131 olarak <em>Order JO 7210.37J<\/em> veya \u00e7\u0131karsa sonraki d\u00fczenlemeleri incelenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MIA<\/em>&#8216;lar her bir <em>Each Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilip s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir. <em>MIA<\/em>&#8216;lar, radar kapsam\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n belirlenir. Hedef d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn radar kontrol ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek, kontrol\u00f6r\u00fcn sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her bir <em>ARTCC<\/em>&#8216;nin <em>MVA\/MIA<\/em> chartlar\u0131, <em>FAA<\/em> web sitesinden edinilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>MVA\/MIA<\/em> chart\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc3967&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc3967\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"809\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-45.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3402\" style=\"width:475px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-45.png 807w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-45-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-45-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-45-768x770.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Off_Route_Obstruction_Clearance_Altitude_OROCA\"><\/span><em>Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA)<\/em>, <em>IFR Enroute Low Altitude<\/em> ve Pacific chartlar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilir ve <em>MSL<\/em> \u00fczerinde binlerce ve y\u00fczlerce feet cinsinden ifade edilir. <em>OROCA<\/em>, <em>Area Chart<\/em>&#8216;larda her 30 x 30 dakikal\u0131k dilimde, <em>IFR Enroute Low Altitude Chart &#8211; U.S.<\/em> i\u00e7in her bir dereceye bir derece diliminde ve <em>IFR Enroute Low Altitude Chart &#8211; Alaska<\/em> i\u00e7in her iki dereceye iki derece diliminde g\u00f6sterilir. <em>OROCA<\/em>, bilinen en y\u00fcksek arazi \u00f6zelli\u011fi veya engelin etraf\u0131ndaki 4 NM mesafeyi i\u00e7eren, enlem\/boylam\u0131n i\u015faretlenmi\u015f \u00e7izgileriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f her d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131 i\u00e7inde hesaplan\u0131r. Bu \u00f6rnekte, <em>OROCA<\/em> 12.500 feet\u2019i temsil eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>OROCA<\/em>, <em>Visual Flight Rule (VFR)<\/em> chartlar\u0131nda bulunan <em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em> ile ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r, ancak ABD&#8217;deki belirlenmi\u015f da\u011fl\u0131k olmayan b\u00f6lgelerde ek olarak 1.000 feet, belirlenmi\u015f da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde ise 2.000 feet dikey tampon sa\u011flar. \u00c7evredeki alan\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi, harita kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na, niyet edilen u\u00e7u\u015f hatt\u0131 bir enlem veya boylam \u00e7izgisini takip ederse, bir airway\u2019in sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yanlamas\u0131na mesafenin ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <em>OROCA<\/em> irtifalar\u0131, <em>NAVAID<\/em> sinyal kapsamas\u0131, hava trafik kontrol g\u00f6zetimi veya ileti\u015fim kapsamas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011ferlendirilmez ve genel durumsal fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, u\u00e7u\u015f planlamas\u0131 ve u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda beklenmedik durumlar i\u00e7in yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. <em>OROCA<\/em>&#8216;lar, yapay engeller (\u00f6rne\u011fin petrol platformlar\u0131) i\u00e7eren t\u00fcm kara k\u00fctleleri ve a\u00e7\u0131k su alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc3fdd&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc3fdd\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"88\" height=\"53\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3362\" style=\"width:120px;height:auto\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maximum_Elevation_Figure_MEF_VFR_Chart_Sembolu\"><\/span><em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em> (<em>VFR<\/em> Chart Sembol\u00fc):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)<\/em>, bir d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131 i\u00e7indeki en y\u00fcksek irtifay\u0131 temsil eder ve arazi ile di\u011fer dikey engelleri (kuleler, a\u011fa\u00e7lar vb.) kapsar. <em>Sectional<\/em> (bir FAA chart t\u00fcr\u00fc) \u00fczerindeki bir \u00e7eyrek dilim, her 30 dakikal\u0131k enlem ve boylam\u0131 b\u00f6len i\u015faretli \u00e7izgilerle s\u0131n\u0131rlanan aland\u0131r. <em>MEF<\/em> de\u011ferleri en yak\u0131n 100 fit de\u011ferine yuvarlan\u0131r ve say\u0131n\u0131n son iki hanesi g\u00f6sterilmez.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kara ve a\u00e7\u0131k su alanlar\u0131ndaki MEF&#8217;ler, petrol sondaj kuleleri gibi insan yap\u0131m\u0131 engellerin bulundu\u011fu alanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;lerin belirlenmesinde <em>FAA<\/em>, kaynak materyallerde g\u00f6sterilen mevcut irtifa verilerine dayanarak son derece dikkatli davran\u0131r. Havac\u0131l\u0131k Bilgi Uzmanlar\u0131 (<em>Aeronautical Information Specialists<\/em>), <em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;leri hesaplamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki prosed\u00fcr\u00fc kullan\u0131r:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>MEF &#8211; Man-made Obstacle<\/em>: Bir insan yap\u0131m\u0131 engel, d\u00f6rtkenarl\u0131 i\u00e7indeki en y\u00fcksek arazinin 200 fitten fazla \u00fczerindeyse:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Engelin zirve irtifas\u0131 <em>MSL<\/em> cinsinden belirlenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kaynak materyalin olas\u0131 dikey hata pay\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131daki de\u011fere eklenir (100 fit veya kaynakta <em>contour interval<\/em> 200 fitten fazla oldu\u011funda <em>1\/2 contour interval<\/em>. Normalde 10 fit kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck <em>contour interval<\/em>lere sahip <em>U.S. Geological Survey Quadrangle Maps<\/em> kullan\u0131l\u0131r).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011feri bir sonraki en y\u00fcksek y\u00fcz fit seviyesine yuvarlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"167\" class=\"wp-image-3372\" style=\"width: 220px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-30.png\" alt=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"490\" class=\"wp-image-3373\" style=\"width: 400px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-31.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-31.png 541w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-31-245x300.png 245w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>MEF &#8211; Natural Terrain Feature or Natural Vertical Obstacle<\/em>: Bir do\u011fal arazi veya do\u011fal dikey engel (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir a\u011fa\u00e7), \u00e7eyrek dilimdeki en y\u00fcksek \u00f6zellik ise:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Arazi veya engelin irtifas\u0131 belirlenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kayna\u011f\u0131n olas\u0131 dikey hata pay\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131daki de\u011fere eklenir (100 fit veya kaynakta <em>contour interval<\/em> 200 fitten fazla oldu\u011funda <em>1\/2 contour interval<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Haritada g\u00f6sterilmeyen do\u011fal veya insan yap\u0131m\u0131 engeller i\u00e7in 200 fitlik bir tolerans eklenir. Harita spesifikasyonlar\u0131, minimum y\u00fckseklik alt\u0131ndaki engellerin g\u00f6sterilmesini gerektirmez.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011feri bir sonraki en y\u00fcksek y\u00fcz fit seviyesine yuvarlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"190\" class=\"wp-image-3374\" style=\"width: 220px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-32.png\" alt=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"456\" class=\"wp-image-3375\" style=\"width: 400px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-33.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-33.png 1256w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-33-263x300.png 263w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-33-899x1024.png 899w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-33-768x875.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-33-1024x1167.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Avustralya_%E2%80%93_Lowest_Safe_Altitude_LSALT\"><\/span>Avustralya &#8211; <em>Lowest Safe Altitude (LSALT)<\/em>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Avustralya AIP GEN 3.3 do\u011frultusunda.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avustralya&#8217;da <em>Lowest Safe Altitude (LSALT)<\/em> ve <em>Grid LSALT<\/em> kavramlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Engel g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in Grid LSALT kullanan bir pilot, pozisyon belirlemede kullan\u0131lan navigasyon yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n veya navigasyon y\u00f6nteminin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alarak uygulanmas\u0131 gereken navigasyon hata pay\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekten sorumludur. Bu navigasyon hata pay\u0131, \u00f6nerilen rotaya uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Belirlenen navigasyon hatas\u0131 alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan en y\u00fcksek <em>Grid LSALT<\/em> kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LSALT&#8217;\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Navigasyon tolerans alanlar\u0131nda 360 ft&#8217;e kadar bildirilmeyen engeller bulunabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En y\u00fcksek engel arazi seviyesinden 360 ft\u2019den fazla y\u00fcksekse, <em>LSALT<\/em> en y\u00fcksek engelden 1000 ft yukar\u0131da olmal\u0131d\u0131r; veya<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En y\u00fcksek engel arazi seviyesinden 360 ft\u2019den az y\u00fcksekse veya haritada i\u015faretlenmi\u015f engel yoksa, <em>LSALT<\/em> arazi i\u00e7in belirlenen y\u00fckselti seviyesinden 1360 ft yukar\u0131da olmal\u0131d\u0131r; ancak<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tolerans alan\u0131ndaki en y\u00fcksek arazi veya engelin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 500 ft&#8217;in \u00fczerinde de\u011filse, <em>LSALT<\/em> en az 1.500 ft olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 bilgi ve uygulama usulleri i\u00e7in Avustralya <em>AIP<\/em>&#8216;si, Avustralya <em>CASR<\/em> k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131 veya di\u011fer ge\u00e7erli Avustralya kaynakalar\u0131na dan\u0131\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SkyVector_Hakkinda\"><\/span><em>SkyVector<\/em> Hakk\u0131nda:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>SkyVector<\/em>, yayg\u0131n bilinen internet tabanl\u0131 bir u\u00e7u\u015f planlama uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. <em>SkyVector<\/em>&#8216;un kendi haritas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki minimum irtifalar\u0131n belirlenme kriterleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmemi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca genel kan\u0131 olarak verileri genel kaynaklardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir ve <em>ABD<\/em> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. <em>ABD<\/em> i\u00e7erisinde daha tutarl\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de irtifalar\u0131n amaca uygun kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle belirlenme kriterleri bilinmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>SkyVector<\/em>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc735e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc735e\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"827\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-68-1024x827.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3474\" style=\"width:570px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-68-1024x827.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-68-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-68-768x621.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-68.png 1078w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Turkiyede_Yerel_Duzenlemeler\"><\/span>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Yerel D\u00fczenlemeler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIP_GEN_17_Bolumu\"><\/span><em>AIP GEN 1.7<\/em> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(T\u00fcrkiye AIP GEN 1.7 do\u011frultusunda.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>ARC<\/em> chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda, <em>AMA<\/em> g\u00f6sterilmemektedir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>SID<\/em> ve <em>STAR<\/em> chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda, <em>MSA<\/em> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgelerde <em>AMA<\/em> g\u00f6sterilmemektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIP_GEN_335_Bolumu\"><\/span><em>AIP GEN 3.3.5<\/em> B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-12.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-13\" data-imagelightbox=\"13\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"833\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-12.png 833w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-12-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-12-768x295.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>T\u00fcrkiye AIP GEN 3.3.5 (2413)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mevcut T\u00fcrkiye <em>AIP<\/em>&#8216;sinin ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, minimum u\u00e7u\u015f irtifalar\u0131n\u0131n <em>ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS<\/em> kriterlerine uygun haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fczeltmesi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve baz\u0131 ek bilgiler belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fczeltmesi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015f lakin bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fczeltmesinin yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa bile hangi bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011ferine g\u00f6re hesaplama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 me\u00e7huld\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc <em>PANS-OPS Vol. III<\/em>, baz\u0131 kriterler yay\u0131nlar, lakin bas\u0131n\u00e7 do\u011frultmas\u0131 ile ilgili olarak irtifalar belirlenirken yap\u0131l\u0131r ya da yap\u0131lmaz diye bir yarg\u0131ya sahip de\u011fildir. Sadece so\u011fuk hava do\u011frultmas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 rehberlik sa\u011flar. S\u0131cakl\u0131k i\u00e7in de benzer durum ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIP_VAC_ve_VFR_Routes_Chartlarinda_Yukseltiler\"><\/span>AIP <em>VAC<\/em> ve <em>VFR Routes<\/em> Chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda Y\u00fckseltiler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye AIP&#8217;sinde sunulan &#8220;<em>Visual Approach Chart (VAC)<\/em>&#8221; ve <em>PANS-AIM<\/em> d\u0131\u015f\u0131 isimlendirme olan &#8220;<em>VFR Routes<\/em>&#8221; chart&#8217;lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan y\u00fcksekliklerin belirlenmesi, AIP taraf\u0131ndan net bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulamasa da, baz\u0131 chart&#8217;larda bizzat belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere altl\u0131k, <em>Harita Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (HGM)<\/em>&#8216;den al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PDF dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; altl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rsel olarak i\u015flendi\u011fi, haliyle y\u00fcksek ihtimalle do\u011frudan y\u00fcksekliklerin de <em>HGM<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan belirlenenlerle ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu yani <em>HGM<\/em> haritalar\u0131ndaki <em>MEF<\/em> kriterlerinin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek <em>VAC<\/em> chart&#8217;\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-11.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-14\" data-imagelightbox=\"14\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"723\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-11-1024x723.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2891\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-11-1024x723.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-11-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-11-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-11.png 1196w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek <em>VFR Routes<\/em> chart&#8217;\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-10.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-15\" data-imagelightbox=\"15\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"723\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-10-1024x723.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2890\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-10-1024x723.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-10-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-10-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-10.png 1196w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Harita_Genel_Mudurlugu_HGM_VFR_Haritalari\"><\/span><em>Harita Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (HGM)<\/em> VFR Haritalar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HGM taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli haritalar yay\u0131nlanmaktad\u0131r. <em>HGM<\/em>&#8216;nin, havac\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in <em>VFR<\/em> u\u00e7u\u015f planlamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilecek olan 1:500000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli <em>SAC (Special Air Chart) [\u00d6zel Hava Haritas\u0131]<\/em> ve 1:250000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli <em>TFC (Transit Flying Chart) [Al\u00e7ak \u0130rtifa \u00d6zel Hava]<\/em> haritalar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131t bask\u0131 veya say\u0131sal raster g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc veya say\u0131sal vekt\u00f6r verisi olarak yay\u0131nlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek <em>HGM SAC<\/em> haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-2.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-16\" data-imagelightbox=\"16\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"786\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2881\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-2-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-2-768x604.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek <em>HGM TFC<\/em> haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-3.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-17\" data-imagelightbox=\"17\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-3.png 1000w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-3-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-3-768x598.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bir haritan\u0131n lejant\u0131ndaki <em>MEF<\/em> fig\u00fcrlerini tan\u0131mlayan bilgi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu haritalar incelendi\u011finde, harita \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselti fig\u00fcrleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ve harita \u00fczerindeki bu figr\u00fcler &#8220;<em>MEF<\/em>&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, belirlenme kriterleri olarak da en y\u00fcksek engeli esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Herhangi bir engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Haritalar, genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm itibar\u0131yla <em>NATO<\/em> d\u00fczenlemelerine g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f duruyor ve bu y\u00fczden <em>MEF<\/em>&#8216;ler i\u00e7in <em>NATO<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda anlat\u0131lan y\u00fckseklik ve enlem\/boylam k\u0131staslar\u0131 esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-5.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-18\" data-imagelightbox=\"18\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2884\" style=\"width:315px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-5.png 463w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-5-300x181.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-6.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-19\" data-imagelightbox=\"19\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"461\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2885\" style=\"width:315px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-6.png 461w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-6-300x179.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bir haritan\u0131n lejant\u0131ndaki engel verileri hakk\u0131ndaki bilgi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-7.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-20\" data-imagelightbox=\"20\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"298\" height=\"95\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2886\" style=\"width:290px\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-8.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-21\" data-imagelightbox=\"21\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"298\" height=\"92\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2887\" style=\"width:290px\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ornek_Chartlarda_Gosterimler\"><\/span>\u00d6rnek Chartlarda G\u00f6sterimler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ICAO_Ornekleri\"><\/span><em>ICAO<\/em> \u00d6rnekleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fc923b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fc923b\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"593\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-58-1024x593.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-58-1024x593.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-58-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-58-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-58-1536x889.png 1536w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-58.png 1594w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fcaa93&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fcaa93\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"849\" height=\"589\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-60.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-60.png 849w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-60-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-60-768x533.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-60-590x410.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 849px) 100vw, 849px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jeppesen_Ornekleri\"><\/span><em>Jeppesen<\/em> \u00d6rnekleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fcb183&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fcb183\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"917\" height=\"537\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-61.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-61.png 917w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-61-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-61-768x450.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 917px) 100vw, 917px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lido_Ornekleri\"><\/span><em>Lido<\/em> \u00d6rnekleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fcb7ad&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fcb7ad\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"762\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-69-1024x762.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-69-1024x762.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-69-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-69-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-69.png 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAA_Ornekleri\"><\/span><em>FAA<\/em> \u00d6rnekleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fcd8fb&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fcd8fb\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"618\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-64-1024x618.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-64-1024x618.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-64-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-64-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-64.png 1239w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad1091fce093&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad1091fce093\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"582\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-65-1024x582.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-65-1024x582.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-65-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-65-768x436.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-65.png 1343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yazar_Notlari\"><\/span>Yazar Notlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yaz\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere, baz\u0131 minimum irtifa t\u00fcrleri, en y\u00fcksek arazi veya en y\u00fcksek engele g\u00f6re ek engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun ko\u015fullarda do\u011frudan minimum irtifa de\u011ferinde u\u00e7u\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek g\u00fcvenli olacakt\u0131r. Fakat, yine bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere baz\u0131 minimum irtifa t\u00fcrleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin <em>MEF<\/em>, <em><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">EK ENGEL A\u00c7IKLI\u011eI SA\u011eLAMAMAKTADIR<\/span><\/strong><\/em>. Bu t\u00fcr minimum irtifalar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken, yaz\u0131da da bahsedilen ICAO Annex 2 kurallar\u0131 veya b\u00f6lgede ge\u00e7erli olan varsa ba\u015fka kurallar dahilinde gerekli a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr minimum irtifalara <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>EKLEME YAPILMASI GEREKEB\u0130L\u0130R<\/em><\/span><\/strong>. E\u011fer bir i\u015fleticinin kurallar\u0131 alt\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyorsan\u0131z, i\u015fleticinizin standart operasyon usullerinde (SOP) bu durum belirtilmi\u015f olabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>AMA<\/em>, <em>MSA<\/em> veya benzeri alan y\u00fckseklikleri, genelde <em>ATS<\/em> yollar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen u\u00e7u\u015flarda kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bir yolun <em>MOCA<\/em> veya <em>MEA<\/em> de\u011feri, i\u00e7erisinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi <em>AMA<\/em> veya <em>MSA<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalabilir. Bu durumda mant\u0131ken, ilgili yolun minimum irtifas\u0131 yeterli miktarda engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yol \u00fczerinde u\u00e7ulurken <em>AMA<\/em> veya <em>MSA<\/em> g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilebilir. Yol d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zaman <em>AMA<\/em>, <em>MSA<\/em> veya di\u011fer verilere dikkat edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-21.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-21-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-21-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-21-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ayr\u0131ca Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/seyir-seviyeleri-altimetre-ayar-usulleri\/\">Altimetre Ayar Prosed\u00fcrleri ve Altimetre Do\u011frultmalar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/engel-acikligi-moc-roc-primary-ve-secondary-alan-icaofaa\/\">Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, MOC, ROC, Primary ve Secondary Alanlar<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yakla\u015fma Segmentleri<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/haritalarda-rolyef-bilgilerinin-gosterilmesi\/\">Haritalarda R\u00f6lyef Bilgilerinin G\u00f6sterilmesi, Konturlar, Spot Elevation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00fcncellemeler:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2 May\u0131s 2025\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131, imla d\u00fczeltmeleri yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>11 A\u011fustos 2025\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>MCA\/H<\/em>&#8216;n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>LSALT<\/em> eklendi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 Kas\u0131m 2025\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yazar notlar\u0131na ekleme yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>23 Aral\u0131k 2025\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Altimetre ayar prosed\u00fcrleriyle alakal\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131yla birlikte ilgili baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar d\u00fczenlendi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>26 Aral\u0131k 2025\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sorumluluklarla alakal\u0131 maddelerde d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ana Kaynaklar:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ICAO Annex 2 Rules of the Air (11th Ed. Amend. 48 28\/11\/24)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts (11th Ed. Amend. 62 Corr. 2 28\/11\/24)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Doc 8697 Aeronautical Chart Manual (3rd Ed. Amend. 1 Corr. 1 11\/12\/20)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS Vol. I (6th Ed. Amend. 11 28\/11\/24)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS Vol. II (7th Ed. Amend. 10 Corr. 2 28\/11\/24)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS Vol. III (1st Ed. Amend. 2 3\/11\/22)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Doc 8400 PANS-ABC (9th Ed. Amend. 33 8\/11\/18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Doc 10066 PANS-AIM (1st Ed. Amend. 3 28\/11\/24)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c7e\u015fitli NATO STANAG ve K\u0131lavuzlar\u0131 (\u0130lgili k\u0131s\u0131mlarda belirtilmi\u015ftir.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NATO STANAG 3591 Criteria For MEF (Ed. 6)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EASA Easy Acces Rules for Air Operations (21 Eyl\u00fcl 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>US TERPS (8260.3G CHG1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>US FAR (1 Ocak 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FAA Aeronautical Chart Users\u2019 Guide (26 Aral\u0131k 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jeppesen Airway Manual (13 Haziran 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lido Route Manual (12 Eyl\u00fcl 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avustralya AIP GEN 3.3 (AIRAC 2507)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye AIP (AIRAC 2508)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baz\u0131 HGM Haritalar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HGM \u00dcr\u00fcn Katalo\u011fu:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240918224059\/https:\/\/www.harita.gov.tr\/urunler\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240918224059\/https:\/\/www.harita.gov.tr\/urunler<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giri\u015f: Havac\u0131l\u0131kta engellerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli u\u00e7u\u015f safhalar\u0131 i\u00e7in engel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,658],"tags":[291,151,583,584,597,292,167,599,598,522,589,594,136,577,593,135,132,591,672,581,674,588,582,587,579,580,526,586,585,576,578,592,209,401,349,673,654,595,596,655,197],"class_list":["post-2875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-havacilik-bilgisi","category-havacilik-haritalari","tag-aip","tag-aletli-ucus","tag-ama","tag-area-minimum-altitude","tag-chart-irtifa-degerleri","tag-chartlar","tag-easa","tag-emerg-safe-alt","tag-emerg-safe-alt-100-nm","tag-engel-acikligi","tag-engeller","tag-enroute-chart","tag-faa","tag-grid-mora","tag-harita","tag-icao","tag-ifr","tag-mania-acikligi","tag-mcta","tag-mea","tag-mia","tag-minimum-alts","tag-minimum-enroute-altitude","tag-minimum-obstacle-clearance-altitude","tag-minimum-safe-altitude","tag-minimum-sector-altitude","tag-mips","tag-moc","tag-moca","tag-mora","tag-msa","tag-msa-degeri-kac","tag-navigasyon","tag-nedir","tag-obstacle-clearance","tag-oroca","tag-sac","tag-sid","tag-star","tag-tac","tag-turkiye"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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