{"id":3184,"date":"2024-11-12T06:39:36","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T03:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/?p=3184"},"modified":"2025-10-11T01:30:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T22:30:42","slug":"hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/","title":{"rendered":"Hava Arac\u0131 Yakla\u015fma Kategorileri &#8211; A, B, C, D, E, H, DL, HPMA Nas\u0131l Belirleniyor? [ICAO+MIPS+FAA]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler Tablosunu A\u00e7\/Kapat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Giris\" >Giri\u015f:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#ICAO\" >ICAO:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Aircraft_Category%E2%80%98ye_Gore_Vat_Hizlari\" >Aircraft Category&#8216;ye G\u00f6re Vat H\u0131zlar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Vat_Tanimi\" >Vat Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Category_DL\" >Category DL:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Helikopterler\" >Helikopterler:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Kategorinin_Kalici_Degisikligi\" >Kategorinin Kal\u0131c\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#FAA\" >FAA:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Aircraft_Approach_Category_ve_Hizlari\" >Aircraft Approach Category ve H\u0131zlar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#MIPS\" >MIPS:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Giris-2\" >Giri\u015f:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#HPMA_Kistaslari\" >HPMA K\u0131staslar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Kisitlamalar\" >K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/#Yazar_Notlari\" >Yazar Notlar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giris\"><\/span>Giri\u015f:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hava arac\u0131 veya yakla\u015fma kategorileri, hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fma, ini\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131na veya ba\u015fka k\u0131staslara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceden belirlenen kategorilerdir. Bu kategoriler, di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli konularla alakal\u0131 h\u0131z veya di\u011fer k\u0131staslar\u0131n se\u00e7iminde kullan\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; yakla\u015fma segmentlerinin azami h\u0131zlar\u0131, yakla\u015fma minimumlar\u0131, holding veya reversal prosed\u00fcrlerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli kriterler vs. kategorilere g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f olup uygun kategorinin de\u011ferleri se\u00e7ilmektedir. Bu t\u00fcr de\u011feler, ilgili konularla alakal\u0131 yaz\u0131larda belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ICAO\"><\/span>ICAO:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aircraft_Category%E2%80%98ye_Gore_Vat_Hizlari\"><\/span><em>Aircraft Category<\/em>&#8216;ye G\u00f6re V<sub>at<\/sub> H\u0131zlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V<sub>at<\/sub><\/em> h\u0131zlar\u0131 (<em>IAS<\/em> olarak), hava arac\u0131n\u0131n kategorisinin (<em>aircraft category<\/em>) belirlenmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011ferler tam olarak verilmi\u015ftir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I II-5-1-4 1.4.2 &amp; 1.4.3; Table II-5-1-1 &amp; II-5-1-2<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Aircraft Category<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>V<sub>at<\/sub> (kt)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>V<sub>at<\/sub> (km\/h)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">A<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 91<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 169<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">91 &#8211; 120<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">169 &#8211; 223<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">121 &#8211; 140<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">224 &#8211; 260<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">D<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">141 &#8211; 165<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">261 &#8211; 306<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">E<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">166 &#8211; 210<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">307 &#8211; 390<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">H<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Helicopters<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Helicopters<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Table II-5-1-1 &amp; II-5-1-2<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not:<\/strong> <em>Category A<\/em>, <em>Annex 6<\/em> helikopter performans s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131yla alakal\u0131 olan <em>Category A<\/em> terimi ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vat_Tanimi\"><\/span>V<sub>at<\/sub> Tan\u0131m\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V<sub>at<\/sub><\/em>, \u0130ni\u015f konfig\u00fcrasyonunda ve <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">azami sertifikal\u0131 ini\u015f k\u00fctlesi<\/span>ne g\u00f6re hesaplanmak \u00fczere 1.3 \u00d7 <em>V<sub>SO<\/sub><\/em> stall h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ya da 1.23 \u00d7 <em>V<sub>SLG<\/sub><\/em> stall h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 esas alan e\u015fikteki (<em>threshold<\/em>) h\u0131zd\u0131r. Hem <em>V<sub>SO<\/sub><\/em>, hem de <em>V<sub>SLG<\/sub><\/em> mevcutsa, daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kan <em>V<sub>at<\/sub><\/em> de\u011feri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Helikopterler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I Table II-5-1-1 &amp; II-5-1-2<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Category_DL\"><\/span>Category D<sub>L<\/sub>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Category D<sub>L<\/sub><\/em> kavram\u0131, normal <em>category C, D<\/em> boyutlar\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7aklar\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in PANS-OPS i\u00e7erisinde, aletli yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcrlerini tasar\u0131m esaslar\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. En belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinden biri ise; <em>ILS, MLS, GLS, SBAS NPA, SBAS APV-I, SBAS CAT I<\/em> hesaplamalar\u0131nda, <em>category C<\/em> ve <em>D<\/em> u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kanat a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 65 m al\u0131n\u0131rken bu de\u011ferin <em>Category D<sub>L<\/sub><\/em> i\u00e7in 80 m olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar, ilgili yakla\u015fmalarla ilgili yaz\u0131larda belirtilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Precision approach<\/em> prosed\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 da <em>OCH<\/em> hesaplamas\u0131nda bir etkendir. <em>Category D<sub>L<\/sub><\/em> u\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in, gerekti\u011finde bu u\u00e7aklar\u0131n \u00f6zel boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak ek <em>OCA\/H<\/em> sa\u011flan\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. II P. 1 S. 2 Chp. 3 1.8.9<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad129a7a47c3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad129a7a47c3\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"439\" height=\"243\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-1.png 439w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-1-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Helikopterler\"><\/span>Helikopterler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Helikopter pilotlar\u0131, u\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f aletli prosed\u00fcrlerde kategori A minimumlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler. Ancak, helikopterler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel prosed\u00fcrler geli\u015ftirilebilir ve bunlar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a &#8220;H&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kategori H prosed\u00fcrleri, ortak helikopter\/u\u00e7ak prosed\u00fcr\u00fc olarak ayn\u0131 <em>IAC<\/em>&#8216;de yay\u0131mlanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I II-5-1-4 1.4.7 PANS-OSP Vol. II (7th Ed. Amend. 9 Corr. 2) I-4-1-3 1.8.2<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kategorinin_Kalici_Degisikligi\"><\/span>Kategorinin Kal\u0131c\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir i\u015fletici, i\u015fleticinin devleti taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131 halinde, kal\u0131c\u0131 bir daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ini\u015f k\u00fctlesi kullanabilir ve bu k\u00fctleyi, <em>V<sub>at<\/sub><\/em>&#8216;yi belirlemek i\u00e7in kullanabilir. Belirli bir u\u00e7ak i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanan kategori, kal\u0131c\u0131 bir de\u011fer olacak ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck operasyonlardaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Vol. I II-5-1-4 1.4.4<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAA\"><\/span>FAA:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aircraft_Approach_Category_ve_Hizlari\"><\/span><em>Aircraft Approach Category<\/em> ve H\u0131zlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(FAR 97.3)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Aircraft approach category<\/em>, <em>VREF<\/em> h\u0131z\u0131, veya <em>VREF<\/em> belirtilmemi\u015fse, maksimum sertifikal\u0131 ini\u015f a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1.3 \u00d7 <em>V<sub>so<\/sub><\/em> h\u0131z\u0131 temel al\u0131narak belirlenen bir hava arac\u0131 grupland\u0131rmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. VREF, Vso ve maksimum sertifikal\u0131 ini\u015f a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tescil \u00fclkesinin sertifikaland\u0131rma otoritesi taraf\u0131ndan u\u00e7ak i\u00e7in belirlenen de\u011ferlerdir. Kategoriler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Aircraft Approach Category<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0130lgili H\u0131z De\u011feri (kt)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">A<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">x &lt; 91<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">91 \u2264 x &lt; 121<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">121 \u2264 x &lt; 141<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">D<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">141 \u2264 x &lt; 166<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">E<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">166 \u2264 x<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MIPS\"><\/span>MIPS:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giris-2\"><\/span>Giri\u015f:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ICAO PANS-OPS<\/em>&#8216;sa ek olarak yay\u0131nlanan ilgili <em>NATO<\/em> k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131nda, <em>ICAO<\/em> kategorilerine ek olarak <em>MIPS<\/em> kapsam\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 baz\u0131 hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirten <em>HPMA (High Performance Military Aircraft)<\/em> i\u00e7in <em>CAT HPMA<\/em> kategorisi eklenmi\u015ftir ve bu kategori hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in di\u011fer konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda ek veya farkl\u0131 k\u0131staslar a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca <em>HPMA<\/em> i\u00e7in <em>HPMA<\/em> aletli yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcrleri de tasarlanabilir. Sitemizdeki \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131larda da <em>HPMA<\/em> prosed\u00fcrleriyle ilgili bilgiler, <em>CAT HPMA<\/em> azami h\u0131zlar\u0131 veya di\u011fer k\u0131staslar\u0131, <em>HPMA<\/em>&#8216;lar\u0131n <em>HPMA<\/em> olmayan prosed\u00fcrleri nas\u0131l u\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki k\u0131staslara yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lgili k\u0131lavuzlarda, <em>HPMA<\/em> kategorisinin belirlenebilmesi i\u00e7in <em>ICAO PANS-OPS<\/em>&#8216;daki gibi <em>V<sub>at<\/sub><\/em> h\u0131z\u0131 yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f olup farkl\u0131 k\u0131staslar belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HPMA_Kistaslari\"><\/span><em>HPMA<\/em> K\u0131staslar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(NATO AATCP-1 Chp. 5 5.1.1)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>HPMA<\/em>, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki parametrelere sahip aletli u\u00e7u\u015f prosed\u00fcrlerini g\u00fcvenli \u015fekilde u\u00e7abilecek u\u00e7ak olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u00fcm segmentler i\u00e7in 30\u00b0 yat\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve 5 s yat\u0131\u015f tamamlama s\u00fcresi (<em>bank establishment time<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Initial Segment <\/em>i\u00e7in azami 1000 ft\/NM al\u00e7al\u0131\u015f oran\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Missed approach climb gradient<\/em>: 6% (3.43\u00b0) &amp; <em>maximum transition time (X)<\/em>: 10 s;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Departure climb gradient: 8.75% (5\u00b0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hassas yakla\u015fma prosed\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in 30 m <em>height loss<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ILS<\/em> prosed\u00fcrlerini uygulayan <em>HPMA<\/em> u\u00e7aklar\u0131n \u015fu maksimum boyutlara sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>30 m kanat a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tekerleklerin u\u00e7u\u015f yollar\u0131 ile <em>GP<\/em> anteni aras\u0131ndaki dikey mesafe: 6 m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kisitlamalar\"><\/span>K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(NATO AFPP-1 Chp. 6 6.2)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir u\u00e7ak, yak\u0131t miktar\u0131, konfig\u00fcrasyon vb. gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak &#8220;<em>limited HPMA-capable<\/em>&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. <em>HPMA<\/em> olarak belirtilmi\u015f prosed\u00fcrleri u\u00e7abilmek i\u00e7in, u\u00e7ak en az\u0131ndan belirtilen e\u011fimlere, segment h\u0131zlar\u0131na, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ve <em>transition time<\/em>&#8216;a uymal\u0131d\u0131r. Ulusal otoriteler; u\u00e7ak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve meydan y\u00fcksekli\u011fini dikkate alarak, kendi u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n <em>HPMA<\/em> olarak belirtilen prosed\u00fcrleri hangi ko\u015fullarda u\u00e7abilece\u011fini belirleyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6zel <em>HPMA<\/em> prosed\u00fcrleri, genel <em>HPMA<\/em> i\u00e7in belirlenenden daha y\u00fcksek performans k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 koyabilir; \u00f6rne\u011fin, kalk\u0131\u015f prosed\u00fcrleri %8.75&#8217;ten daha y\u00fcksek t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f e\u011fimleri belirleyebilir. U\u00e7ak HPMA olarak tan\u0131mlansa bile, nihayetinde kaptan pilot u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n belirli prosed\u00fcr\u00fc u\u00e7abilece\u011finden emin olmaktan sorumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yazar_Notlari\"><\/span>Yazar Notlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bir alt kategorinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong> ICAO <em>aircraft category<\/em>, MIPS <em>HMPA<\/em>, FAA <em>aircraft approach category<\/em>, \u00f6nceden yaz\u0131da belirtilen k\u0131staslara g\u00f6re belirlenen ve sabit oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, e\u011fer mevcut durumda u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ilgili h\u0131zlar\u0131 bir alt kategorinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda kal\u0131yorsa u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n normal kategorisini kullanmaya devam etmek mant\u0131kl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bir \u00fcst kategorinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong> Yakla\u015fma veya ini\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n normalden h\u0131zl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi ola\u011fan ya da s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 durumlarda, \u00f6rne\u011fin flap ar\u0131zas\u0131 gibi, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kategorisini belirleyen ilgili h\u0131z de\u011feri veya bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131nda olmayan segmentlerin h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 gibi di\u011fer de\u011ferler a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bir \u00fcst kategoriye g\u00f6re prosed\u00fcrleri uygulamak gerekebilir. Bu durum, ilgili konular\u0131 i\u00e7eren yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda da ayr\u0131yeten a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yakla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde <em>V<sub>REF<\/sub><\/em> kullan\u0131lan bir u\u00e7akta, \u00f6nceki maddede belirtilen gibi durumlarda u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n bir \u00fcst ICAO <em>aircraft category<\/em>&#8216;e ta\u015f\u0131p ta\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekirse pratik olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki <em>V<sub>at<\/sub><\/em> h\u0131z\u0131 olarak <em>V<sub>REF<\/sub><\/em> h\u0131z\u0131 esas al\u0131nabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclece\u011fi zaman, bu t\u00fcr u\u00e7aklarda, yakla\u015fma ve ini\u015f profili genelde yakla\u015fma V<sub>REF<\/sub> + belirli bir ekleme h\u0131z\u0131 ile yap\u0131l\u0131p ini\u015fde ise teker kondu\u011fu zaman u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 <em>V<sub>REF<\/sub><\/em>&#8216;de olacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenebilmektedir. Yani pist e\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7ilirken u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131, <em>V<sub>REF<\/sub><\/em>&#8216;den \u00e7ok az bir fazla olacakt\u0131r ve de <em>V<sub>REF<\/sub><\/em>, <em>V<sub>at<\/sub><\/em>&#8216;ye benzer olarak genelde durgun stall h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n 1.3 kat\u0131 al\u0131narak hesaplan\u0131r. U\u00e7u\u015f performans\u0131yla alakal\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler, hava arac\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve ba\u011fl\u0131 olunan d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fi i\u00e7in uygun bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmak gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ayrac-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ayr\u0131ca Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yakla\u015fma Segmentleri<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/holding-procedure-bekleme-proseduru-kurallari-icaofaa\/\">Holding Paterni<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/racetrack-ve-reversal-procedure-icao\/\">Reversal ve Racetrack Prosed\u00fcrleri<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/icao-wake-turbulence-kategorileri-recat-eu-cwt-icaoeurocontrolfaa\/\">ICAO Wake Turbulence Kategorileri, RECAT-EU, CW<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/havacilik-bilgisi\/icao-wake-turbulence-kategorileri-recat-eu-cwt-icaoeurocontrolfaa\/\">T<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00fcncellemeler:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5 Ocak 2025\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>ICAO<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 hatalar giderildi ve eklemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>30 A\u011fustos 2025\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>D<sub>L<\/sub><\/em> kategorisi eklendi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ana Kaynaklar:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS Vol. I (6th Ed. Amend. 10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS Vol. II (7th Ed. Amend. 10 Corr. 2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NATO AFPP-1 Supplement ICAO DOC 8168 VOLUME I (June 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NATO AATCP-1 Supplement to ICAO DOC 8168 VOLUME II (June 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>US FAR (12 Eyl\u00fcl 2022)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giri\u015f: Hava arac\u0131 veya yakla\u015fma kategorileri, hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fma, ini\u015f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3187,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[547,13],"tags":[151,136,644,135,552,526,339,642,401,516,553,649,544,643,530,647,648,150,645,370],"class_list":["post-3184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cesitli-siniflandirmalar","category-havacilik-bilgisi","tag-aletli-ucus","tag-faa","tag-hava-araci","tag-icao","tag-kategori","tag-mips","tag-nasil-yapilir","tag-nato","tag-nedir","tag-pans-ops-2","tag-siniflandirma","tag-surat","tag-ucak-kategorileri","tag-ucaklar","tag-us-far","tag-vat","tag-vso","tag-yaklasma","tag-yaklasma-hizi","tag-yaklasma-proseduru"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hava Arac\u0131 Yakla\u015fma Kategorileri - A, B, C, D, E, H Kategori H\u0131zlar\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Giri\u015f: Hava arac\u0131 veya yakla\u015fma kategorileri, hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fma, ini\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131na veya ba\u015fka k\u0131staslara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceden belirlenen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hava Arac\u0131 Yakla\u015fma Kategorileri - A, B, C, D, E, H Kategori H\u0131zlar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Giri\u015f: Hava arac\u0131 veya yakla\u015fma kategorileri, hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fma, ini\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131na veya ba\u015fka k\u0131staslara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceden belirlenen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ibonav.aero\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-12T03:39:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-10T22:30:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-12-06.33.25-A-realistic-scene-of-an-approaching-airplane-viewed-from-slightly-behind-and-below.-The-airplane-is-descending-towards-a-runway-with-some-land-visib.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1792\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0130brahim\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0130brahim\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibonav.aero\\\/learn\\\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibonav.aero\\\/learn\\\/hava-araci-yaklasma-kategorileri-icao-faa\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u0130brahim\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibonav.aero\\\/learn\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/39d28e04868df7dc5f18df8936f5ce7f\"},\"headline\":\"Hava Arac\u0131 Yakla\u015fma Kategorileri &#8211; A, B, C, D, E, H, DL, HPMA Nas\u0131l Belirleniyor? 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