{"id":4284,"date":"2026-03-19T22:57:42","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T19:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/?p=4284"},"modified":"2026-03-28T22:54:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T19:54:13","slug":"standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/","title":{"rendered":"Standart Aletli Kalk\u0131\u015f Rotalar\u0131 (SID) ve Her Y\u00f6ne Kalk\u0131\u015flar [ICAO]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler Tablosunu A\u00e7\/Kapat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Standart_Aletli_Kalkis_Usulleri_SID\" >Standart Aletli Kalk\u0131\u015f Usulleri (SID)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Genel_Esaslar_ve_Uygulama\" >Genel Esaslar ve Uygulama<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Iz_Rehberligi_Track_Guidance_Kriterleri\" >\u0130z Rehberli\u011fi (Track Guidance) Kriterleri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Usul_Tasarim_Gradyani_PDG\" >Usul Tasar\u0131m Gradyan\u0131 (PDG)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Standart_Tasarim_Kriterleri\" >Standart Tasar\u0131m Kriterleri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Duz_Kalkislar_Straight_Departures\" >D\u00fcz Kalk\u0131\u015flar (Straight Departures)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Uygulama_Kriterleri_ve_Hizalama\" >Uygulama Kriterleri ve Hizalama<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Donuslu_Kalkislar_Turning_Departures\" >D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc Kalk\u0131\u015flar (Turning Departures)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Donus_Kriterleri_ve_Irtifa_Gereklilikleri\" >D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Kriterleri ve \u0130rtifa Gereklilikleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Donus_Suratleri_ve_Limitlandirmalar\" >D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f S\u00fcratleri ve Limitland\u0131rmalar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Her_Yone_Kalkislar_Omnidirectional_Departures\" >Her Y\u00f6ne Kalk\u0131\u015flar (Omnidirectional Departures)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Genel_Esaslar_ve_Uygulama_Kosullari\" >Genel Esaslar ve Uygulama Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Kalkisin_Baslangici_Beginning_of_Departure\" >Kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 (Beginning of Departure)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Kalkis_Noktasi_ve_Referans_Parametreleri\" >Kalk\u0131\u015f Noktas\u0131 ve Referans Parametreleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Donus_Tasarim_Kriterleri_ve_Kisitlamalar\" >D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Tasar\u0131m Kriterleri ve K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Usul_Tasarim_Gradyani_PDG_ve_Temel_Kriterler\" >Usul Tasar\u0131m Gradyan\u0131 (PDG) ve Temel Kriterler<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Standart_Tirmanis_ve_Irtifa_Gereklilikleri\" >Standart T\u0131rman\u0131\u015f ve \u0130rtifa Gereklilikleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/standart-aletli-kalkis-rotalari-sid-ve-her-yone-kalkislar-icao\/#Temel_Usulun_Sagladigi_Guvenceler\" >Temel Usul\u00fcn Sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcvenceler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standart_Aletli_Kalkis_Usulleri_SID\"><\/span>Standart Aletli Kalk\u0131\u015f Usulleri (<em>SID<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Genel_Esaslar_ve_Uygulama\"><\/span>Genel Esaslar ve Uygulama<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em>Standard Instrument Departure<\/em> [<em>Standart Aletli Kalk\u0131\u015f<\/em>] (<em>SID<\/em>), operasyonel verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en fazla u\u00e7ak kategorisini kapsayacak \u015fekilde tasarlanmaktad\u0131r. \u015eayet bir kalk\u0131\u015f usul\u00fc sadece belirli u\u00e7ak kategorilerine tahsis edilmi\u015fse, bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ilgili dok\u00fcman ve kartlarda pilotlar\u0131n g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmektedir\u2081 <sub><em>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.1.1<\/em>.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usul\u00fcn tasar\u0131m felsefesi incelendi\u011finde; bir <em>SID<\/em>, kalk\u0131\u015f safhas\u0131n\u0131 takiben yol (<em>en-route<\/em>) a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk belirlenmi\u015f seyr\u00fcsefer noktas\u0131, tesisi veya ara noktas\u0131nda (<em>waypoint<\/em>) ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirerek sona ermektedir\u2082 <sub><em>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.1.2<\/em>.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Iz_Rehberligi_Track_Guidance_Kriterleri\"><\/span>\u0130z Rehberli\u011fi (<em>Track Guidance<\/em>) Kriterleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalk\u0131\u015f esnas\u0131nda emniyetli bir t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f ve ayr\u0131m sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in <em>SID <\/em>usulleri, elde edilen iz rehberli\u011fine dayal\u0131 belirli mesafe limitleri dahilinde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r\u2083 <sub><em>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.1.3<\/em>.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re; konvansiyonel d\u00fcz kalk\u0131\u015flarda pist sonundan (<em>DER<\/em>) itibaren 20.0 km (10.8 NM) i\u00e7erisinde rehberlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131 beklenirken, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7eren konvansiyonel kalk\u0131\u015flarda bu mesafe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip 10.0 km (5.4 NM) olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz modern seyr\u00fcsefer teknolojisi olan <em>PBN <\/em>(Performansa Dayal\u0131 Seyr\u00fcsefer) temelli usullerde ise bu rehberlik normal \u015fartlarda do\u011frudan pist sonu (<em>DER<\/em>) noktas\u0131ndan itibaren tesis edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not:<\/strong> <em>T\u00fcm bu usullerin temel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e pist sonu (DER) olarak kabul edilir ve t\u0131rmanma gradyanlar\u0131 bu referans \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131r.\u2084<\/em> <em><sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Section 3, Chapter 2<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Usul_Tasarim_Gradyani_PDG\"><\/span>Usul Tasar\u0131m Gradyan\u0131 (<em>PDG<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standart_Tasarim_Kriterleri\"><\/span>Standart Tasar\u0131m Kriterleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalk\u0131\u015f usullerinin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda esas al\u0131nan standart tasar\u0131m gradyan\u0131 (<em>PDG<\/em>) %3.3 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir\u2081 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.2.1.<\/sub> Bu de\u011fer, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n emniyetli bir \u015fekilde t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in gereken temel e\u011fimi temsil eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalk\u0131\u015f rotas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen manialar\u0131n (engellerin) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda, usul tasar\u0131m gradyan\u0131 %3.3&#8217;ten daha y\u00fcksek bir de\u011ferde belirlenebilir. Bu tip durumlarda, y\u00fcksek gradyan\u0131n hangi irtifaya veya y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu ilgili usul yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda (<em>AIP\/Jeppesen<\/em>) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ilan edilmektedir\u2082 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.2.2.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Belirlenen t\u0131rmanma gradyanlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in gereken t\u0131rmanma oranlar\u0131 (<em>ROC &#8211; Rate of Climb<\/em>) hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in pilotlar\u0131n ilgili grafik ve tablolara (\u015eekil II-2-1-2) m\u00fcracaat etmesi gerekmektedir\u2083 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.2.3.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not:<\/strong> <em>Y\u00fcksek t\u0131rmanma gradyanlar\u0131 genellikle mania a\u015fma gerekliliklerinden kaynaklan\u0131r ve u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n performans limitleri dahilinde bu gradyan\u0131 muhafaza etmesi operasyonel emniyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritiktir.\u2084 <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Section 3, Chapter 2<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Duz_Kalkislar_Straight_Departures\"><\/span>D\u00fcz Kalk\u0131\u015flar (<em>Straight Departures<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uygulama_Kriterleri_ve_Hizalama\"><\/span>Uygulama Kriterleri ve Hizalama<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Operasyonel \u015fartlar elverdi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, kalk\u0131\u015f usullerinin d\u00fcz bir hat \u00fczerinde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Bir kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n &#8220;d\u00fcz kalk\u0131\u015f&#8221; (<em>straight departure)<\/em> olarak tan\u0131mlanabilmesi i\u00e7in, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kalk\u0131\u015f hatt\u0131n\u0131n pist merkez hatt\u0131 hizas\u0131ndan itibaren her iki y\u00f6ne do\u011fru en fazla 15\u00b0&#8217;lik bir sapma i\u00e7erisinde olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir\u2081 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.3.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kriter, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n pist ba\u015f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra karma\u015f\u0131k manevralara ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan emniyetli bir \u015fekilde t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi ve engel a\u015fma limitlerinin bu dar koridor i\u00e7erisinde hesaplanabilmesi amac\u0131yla tesis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not:<\/strong> <em>15 derecelik bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda usul art\u0131k d\u00fcz kalk\u0131\u015f olarak de\u011fil, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc kalk\u0131\u015f (turning departure) kriterlerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r.\u2082 <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Section 3, Chapter 2<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Donuslu_Kalkislar_Turning_Departures\"><\/span>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc Kalk\u0131\u015flar (<em>Turning Departures<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Donus_Kriterleri_ve_Irtifa_Gereklilikleri\"><\/span>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Kriterleri ve \u0130rtifa Gereklilikleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir kalk\u0131\u015f rotas\u0131 15\u00b0&#8217;den fazla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f gerektiriyorsa, bu usul &#8220;d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc kalk\u0131\u015f&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r\u2081 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.1.<\/sub> Tasar\u0131m gere\u011fi, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n en az 120 m (394 ft) irtifaya veya y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015fana kadar d\u00fcz u\u00e7u\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Standart usuller genellikle pist ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren 600 m mesafedeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde kurgulan\u0131r; ancak baz\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlarda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerin pist sonundan (DER) \u00f6nce ba\u015flat\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekebilir ve bu k\u0131s\u0131tlama kalk\u0131\u015f kartlar\u0131nda(<em>Chart<\/em>) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilir\u2081 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.1.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kategori H (<em>Helikopter<\/em>) operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler, <em>DER<\/em> veya son yakla\u015fma ve kalk\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 (<em>FATO<\/em>) elevasyonunun 90 m (295 ft) \u00fczerinde ba\u015flat\u0131labilir\u2082 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.2.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Donus_Suratleri_ve_Limitlandirmalar\"><\/span>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f S\u00fcratleri ve Limitland\u0131rmalar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc kalk\u0131\u015flarda uyulmas\u0131 gereken u\u00e7u\u015f s\u00fcratleri Tablo II-2-2-1&#8217;de kategorilere g\u00f6re spesifiye edilmi\u015ftir\u2083<sub> ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.3.<\/sub> Belirlenen koruma sahalar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalabilmek ad\u0131na, ilan edilen bu s\u00fcrat limitlerine titizlikle uyulmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. E\u011fer operasyonel bir gereklilik nedeniyle daha y\u00fcksek bir s\u00fcrat gerekiyorsa, alternatif bir kalk\u0131\u015f usul\u00fc talep edilmelidir\u2083 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.3.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalk\u0131\u015f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde kullan\u0131lan maksimum s\u00fcratler, aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e, kalk\u0131\u015ftaki artan u\u00e7ak k\u00fctlesini kompanse etmek amac\u0131yla &#8220;<em>final missed approach<\/em>&#8221; (son ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yakla\u015fma) s\u00fcratlerinin %10 art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla hesaplan\u0131r\u2084 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.4.1.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130stisnai durumlarda, mania a\u015fma kriterlerinin ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, s\u00fcrat limitleri &#8220;<em>intermediate missed approach<\/em>&#8221; s\u00fcratinin %10 fazlas\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir\u2085 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.4.2.<\/sub> Bu tip usullerde, kalk\u0131\u015f kart\u0131 \u00fczerinde &#8220;Departure turn limited to &#8230; km\/h (kt) IAS maximum&#8221; ibaresi yer al\u0131r\u2085 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 2.4.4.2.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not:<\/strong> <em>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcratleri, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla engel a\u015fma sahas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fini do\u011frudan etkiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in seyr\u00fcsefer emniyetinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir.\u2086 <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Section 3, Chapter 2<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad10921a1602&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad10921a1602\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"540\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4289\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4870729071410758;width:559px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png 803w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-768x516.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Her_Yone_Kalkislar_Omnidirectional_Departures\"><\/span>Her Y\u00f6ne Kalk\u0131\u015flar (<em>Omnidirectional Departures<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Genel_Esaslar_ve_Uygulama_Kosullari\"><\/span>Genel Esaslar ve Uygulama Ko\u015fullar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uygun bir seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (<em>navaid<\/em>) bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya belirli bir iz rehberli\u011finin (<em>track guidance<\/em>) sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda her y\u00f6ne kalk\u0131\u015f usulleri uygulanmaktad\u0131r\u2081 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.1.1.<\/sub> Bu usuller, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015ftan sonra belirli bir rotaya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n emniyetli bir \u015fekilde t\u0131rmanmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7evredeki manialar\u0131n (engellerin) teknik olarak her y\u00f6ne kalk\u0131\u015f usul\u00fcn\u00fcn tasarlanmas\u0131na izin vermedi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde, operasyonun emniyeti pilotun sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Bu tip durumlarda pilot, tavan (<em>ceiling<\/em>) ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n manialardan g\u00f6rsel olarak sak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verecek d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011funu teyit etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr\u2082 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.1.2.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n planlanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda, her y\u00f6ne kalk\u0131\u015f usulleri i\u00e7erisinde sak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 (<em>avoid<\/em>) gereken belirli sekt\u00f6rler tan\u0131mlanabilir\u2083 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.1.3.<\/sub> Bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, b\u00f6lgedeki y\u00fcksek mania varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak u\u00e7u\u015f emniyetini korumak amac\u0131yla usul yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda belirtilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not:<\/strong> <em>Her y\u00f6ne kalk\u0131\u015flar, belirli bir koruma sahas\u0131 (Omnidirectional Area) i\u00e7erisinde u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n herhangi bir y\u00f6ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapabilece\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131yla kurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, mania analizi \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir perspektifle ele al\u0131n\u0131r.\u2084 <sub>ICAO PANS-OPS Section 3, Chapter 3<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kalkisin_Baslangici_Beginning_of_Departure\"><\/span>Kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 (Beginning of Departure)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kalkis_Noktasi_ve_Referans_Parametreleri\"><\/span>Kalk\u0131\u015f Noktas\u0131 ve Referans Parametreleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalk\u0131\u015f usul\u00fc, pistin kalk\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in uygun oldu\u011fu beyan edilen son noktas\u0131 olan pist sonu (<em>DER<\/em>) noktas\u0131ndan ba\u015flar. Bu nokta, duruma g\u00f6re pistin sonu veya &#8220;<em>clearway<\/em>&#8221; (a\u015fma sahas\u0131) sonu olarak kabul edilmektedir\u2081 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.2.1.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n teker kesti\u011fi (<em>lift-off<\/em>) noktan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermesi nedeniyle, kalk\u0131\u015f usul\u00fc meydan elevasyonunun 120 m (394 ft) \u00fczerindeki bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, pilot taraf\u0131ndan pist ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren 600 metreden \u00f6nce ba\u015flat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayar\u2082 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.2.2.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Donus_Tasarim_Kriterleri_ve_Kisitlamalar\"><\/span>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Tasar\u0131m Kriterleri ve K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usuller normal \u015fartlarda, pist ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren 600 metre mesafedeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler i\u00e7in tasarlan\u0131r ve optimize edilir\u2083 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.2.3.<\/sub> Bununla birlikte, baz\u0131 operasyonel durumlarda pilotun pist sonundan (<em>DER<\/em>) veya belirlenmi\u015f \u00f6zel bir noktadan \u00f6nce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ba\u015flatmas\u0131na izin verilmeyebilir; bu kritik bilgi kalk\u0131\u015f kartlar\u0131nda (<em>departure charts<\/em>) not olarak belirtilir\u2083 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.2.3.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kategori H (Helikopter) usulleri i\u00e7in prosed\u00fcr d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri, <em>DER <\/em>veya <em>FATO <\/em>elevasyonunun 90 m (295 ft) \u00fczerinde ba\u015flat\u0131labilir. Helikopterler i\u00e7in en erken d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ba\u015flatma noktas\u0131, pist\/<em>FATO <\/em>ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir\u2084 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.2.4.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Usul_Tasarim_Gradyani_PDG_ve_Temel_Kriterler\"><\/span>Usul Tasar\u0131m Gradyan\u0131 (<em>PDG<\/em>) ve Temel Kriterler<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standart_Tirmanis_ve_Irtifa_Gereklilikleri\"><\/span>Standart T\u0131rman\u0131\u015f ve \u0130rtifa Gereklilikleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e, her y\u00f6ne kalk\u0131\u015f usulleri u\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in %3.3, helikopterler i\u00e7in ise %5 oran\u0131nda bir tasar\u0131m gradyan\u0131 (<em>PDG<\/em>) varsayar. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n, meydan elevasyonunun 120 m (394 ft) \u00fczerine \u2013helikopterler i\u00e7in 90 m (295 ft)\u2013 ula\u015fana kadar uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pist merkez hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00fcz bir t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fi kabul edilir\u2081 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.3.1.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Temel_Usulun_Sagladigi_Guvenceler\"><\/span>Temel Usul\u00fcn Sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcvenceler<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tasarlanan temel kalk\u0131\u015f usul\u00fc operasyon emniyeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki kritik unsuru garanti alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r\u2082 <sub>ICAO Doc 8168, Vol 1, 3.3.2.<\/sub> Bunlardan birincisi, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n herhangi bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f manevras\u0131na ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pist merkez hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinde 120 m (394 ft) \u2013helikopterler i\u00e7in 90 m (295 ft)\u2013 irtifaya ula\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci temel unsur ise, 15\u00b0&#8217;den b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcm d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerden \u00f6nce en az 75 m (246 ft) \u2013Kategori H i\u00e7in 65 m (213 ft)\u2013 mania a\u015fma (obstacle clearance) garantisinin sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kriterler, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015f safhas\u0131ndan yol safhas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015finde \u00e7evredeki engellerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, emniyetli bir t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f koridoru olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ayr\u0131ca Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/\">ais.ibosoft.net.tr<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/minimum-guvenli-irtifalar\/\">Minimum G\u00fcvenli \u0130rtifalar (MOCA MEA MSA TAA AMA MORA MEF vs.) ve Haritalarda G\u00f6sterimi<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/engel-acikligi-moc-roc-primary-ve-secondary-alan-icaofaa\/\">Engel A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, MOC, ROC, Primary ve Secondary Alanlar<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ana Kaynaklar:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>ICAO Annex 2<\/em> Rules of the Air (11th <em>Ed.<\/em> Amend. 48, July 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ICAO Annex 6<\/em> Operation of Aircraft, Part I (12th <em>Ed. Corr.<\/em> 1, Amend. 49, Nov 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ICAO Annex 14<\/em> Aerodromes, <em>Vol.<\/em> I \u2013 Aerodrome Design and Operations (9th <em>Ed.<\/em> 2022, Amend. 17)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ICAO Doc 8168<\/em> PANS-OPS, Aircraft Operations, <em>Vol.<\/em> I \u2013 Flight Procedures (6th <em>Ed.<\/em> 2018)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ICAO Doc 9713<\/em> International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (3rd <em>Ed.<\/em>, 2007)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Jeppesen Airway Manual<\/em> (Cycle 03-2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye <em>AIP<\/em> (AIRAC 2603)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye <em>AIP GEN 2.2<\/em> \u2013 Havac\u0131l\u0131k Bilgi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda Kullan\u0131lan K\u0131saltmalar (AIRAC 2603)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DHM\u0130 Havac\u0131l\u0131k Terimleri S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (2. Bask\u0131)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Standart Aletli Kalk\u0131\u015f Usulleri (SID) Genel Esaslar ve Uygulama Standard<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4293,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,29],"tags":[291,151,293,135,132,812,526,209,172,133,595,171],"class_list":["post-4284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aletli-ucus","category-aletli-ucus-prosedurleri","tag-aip","tag-aletli-ucus","tag-charts","tag-icao","tag-ifr","tag-kalkis","tag-mips","tag-navigasyon","tag-ndb","tag-pans-ops","tag-sid","tag-vor"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Standart Aletli Kalk\u0131\u015f Rotalar\u0131 (SID) ve Her Y\u00f6ne 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