{"id":949,"date":"2024-01-26T17:47:44","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T14:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egitim.ibohocamiz.com.tr\/?p=949"},"modified":"2025-10-14T11:27:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T08:27:50","slug":"radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Radyo Seyr\u00fcsefer Sistemleri #2 &#8211; NDB ve ADF Sistemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler Tablosunu A\u00e7\/Kapat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Bu_Yazi_Dizisi_Hakkinda\" >Bu Yaz\u0131 Dizisi Hakk\u0131nda:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Bolumler\" >B\u00f6l\u00fcmler:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Giris\" >Giri\u015f:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#NDB_Non-directional_Radio_Beacon_Ozellikleri\" >NDB (Non-directional Radio Beacon) \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#NDB_Cesitlerinin_Genel_Ozellikleri\" >NDB \u00c7e\u015fitlerinin Genel \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Kullanilan_Anten_Cesitleri\" >Kullan\u0131lan Anten \u00c7e\u015fitleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Frekans_Araligi_ve_Tahsisi\" >Frekans Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tahsisi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Sinyal_Yapisi\" >Sinyal Yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Istasyon_Tanitma_Kodu_ve_Ses_Yayini_Ozellikleri\" >\u0130stasyon Tan\u0131tma Kodu ve Ses Yay\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Tanitma_Kodu_ve_Ses_Yayini_ile_Ilgili_Genel_Bilgiler\" >Tan\u0131tma Kodu ve Ses Yay\u0131n\u0131 ile \u0130lgili Genel Bilgiler:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Istasyon_Tanimlama_Kodlarinin_Teknik_Detaylari\" >\u0130stasyon Tan\u0131mlama Kodlar\u0131n\u0131n Teknik Detaylar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Ses_Tonlari_ve_Ornek_Kod\" >Ses Tonlar\u0131 ve \u00d6rnek Kod:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Locator_NDB_Ozellikleri\" >Locator NDB \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Locator_L_Lctr_ICAO_Tanimi\" >Locator (L, Lctr) (ICAO) Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Compass_Locator_FAA_Tanimi\" >Compass Locator (FAA) Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Locatorlarin_Yerlestirilmesi\" >Locator&#8217;lar\u0131n Yerle\u015ftirilmesi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Konumuna_Gore_Locator_Turleri\" >Konumuna G\u00f6re Locator T\u00fcrleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Locatorlarin_Marker_Beaconlarla_Yerlestirilme_Durumu\" >Locator&#8217;lar\u0131n Marker Beacon&#8217;larla Yerle\u015ftirilme Durumu:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#ILS_Hattindaki_Locatorlara_Tanimlama_Kodu_Tahsisi\" >ILS Hatt\u0131ndaki Locator&#8217;lara Tan\u0131mlama Kodu Tahsisi:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#NDBlerin_Kapsama_Alani\" >NDB&#8217;lerin Kapsama Alan\u0131:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#NDBlerin_Kapsama_Alanlariyla_Ilgili_Degerler\" >NDB&#8217;lerin Kapsama Alanlar\u0131yla \u0130lgili De\u011ferler:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Tahditli_Alanlar\" >Tahditli Alanlar:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#NDB_Siniflandirma_Harfleri_FAA\" >NDB S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Harfleri (FAA):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Hata_Algilama\" >Hata Alg\u0131lama:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Guc_Beslemesi\" >G\u00fc\u00e7 Beslemesi:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#ADF_Automatic_Direction-finding_Equipment_Ozellikleri\" >ADF (Automatic Direction-finding Equipment) \u00d6zellikleri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Frekans_Araligi\" >Frekans Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Calisma_prensibi\" >\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#ADFnin_Antenlerinin_Ucaktaki_Konumlari\" >ADF&#8217;nin Antenlerinin U\u00e7aktaki Konumlar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Ornek_ADF_Kontrol_Paneli_ve_Kullanimi\" >\u00d6rnek ADF Kontrol Paneli ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#ADFANT_Ayari\" >ADF\/ANT Ayar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#BFO_Beat_Frequency_Oscillator_veya_TONE_Ayari\" >BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) veya TONE Ayar\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Kullanilan_Gosterge_Cesitleri\" >Kullan\u0131lan G\u00f6sterge \u00c7e\u015fitleri:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#Sistem_Toleransi\" >Sistem Tolerans\u0131:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/#ADF_%E2%80%93_NDBnin_calismasina_ve_menziline_etki_eden_faktorler\" >ADF &#8211; NDB&#8217;nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve menziline etki eden fakt\u00f6rler:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bu_Yazi_Dizisi_Hakkinda\"><\/span>Bu Yaz\u0131 Dizisi Hakk\u0131nda:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yaz\u0131 dizimizde; havac\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan radyo seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitleri, teknik \u00f6zellikleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleri ve u\u00e7akta bulunan ilgili aletlerin i\u015fleyi\u015fi, kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi konular ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Aletli u\u00e7u\u015f prosed\u00fcrlerinin bu radyo seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak nas\u0131l u\u00e7ulaca\u011f\u0131 bu yaz\u0131 dizisinde yer almayacakt\u0131r, bunun i\u00e7in aletli u\u00e7u\u015f ile ilgili yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, aletli yakla\u015fmalarda kullan\u0131lan radyo seyr\u00fcsefer yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015f ve ini\u015f minimalar\u0131na ne kadar etki etti\u011fi [Aerodrome Operating Minimums (AOM)], bu yaz\u0131 dizisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda anlat\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bolumler\"><\/span>B\u00f6l\u00fcmler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-1-genel-bilgiler\/\">Genel Bilgiler<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-2-ndb-ve-adf-sistemleri\/\">NDB ve ADF Sistemleri<\/a> (Non-directional Radio Beacon, <em>Automatic Direction-finding Equipment<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DME Sistemleri (Distance Measuring Equipment)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-4-vor-sistemleri\/\">VOR Sistemleri<\/a> (VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ILS Sistemleri (Instrument Landing System)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-6-marker-beacon-sistemleri\/\">Marker Beacon Sistemleri<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yer Tabanl\u0131 DF Sistemleri (Direction Finding)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MLS Sistemleri (Microwave Landing System)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TACAN Sistemleri (UHF Tactical Air Navigation Aid)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Di\u011fer Baz\u0131  Radyo Seyr\u00fcsefer Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giris\"><\/span>Giri\u015f:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ADF (Automatic Direction-finding Equipment)<\/em> sistemi, u\u00e7akta bulunan cihaz\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun-orta dalga vericilerinin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc bulmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, varsa ses yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n da ACP arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dinlenebilmesini sa\u011flar. <em>ADF<\/em> cihaz\u0131, frekans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgesel m\u00fczik radyolar\u0131 gibi bir \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli sinyal kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7a\u011fa g\u00f6re y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulabilir. Genelde u\u00e7aklarda 1 veya 2 adet ADF al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<br><em>NDB (Non-directional Radio Beacon)<\/em> cihazlar\u0131 ise seyr\u00fcsefer ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan, <em>ADF<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan bulunabilmesi i\u00e7in yay\u0131n yapan vericilerdir. <em>ADF<\/em> cihaz\u0131 ile, <em>NDB<\/em> vericilerinin hangi y\u00f6nde oldu\u011funa bak\u0131larak seyr\u00fcsefer icra edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ise, sistemlerin baz\u0131 teknik detaylar\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerini anlat\u0131ca\u011f\u0131z. U\u00e7u\u015f y\u00f6ntemleri ve aletli yakla\u015fma usullerinin nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu de\u011fildir. Genel olarak pilotlar, sistemin baz\u0131 temel \u00f6zelliklerini ve kullan\u0131m\u0131yla alakal\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00f6zellikleri bilmelidirler lakin yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, hem merak edenler i\u00e7in hem de bunlarla alakal\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyebilece\u011finizden dolay\u0131 baz\u0131 ek bilgiler de verilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NDB_Non-directional_Radio_Beacon_Ozellikleri\"><\/span>NDB (Non-directional Radio Beacon) \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NDB_Cesitlerinin_Genel_Ozellikleri\"><\/span>NDB \u00c7e\u015fitlerinin Genel \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NDB&#8217;lerin, seyir, holding, yakla\u015fma gibi ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lan normal hali ve ILS sitemi ile kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanan ve yakla\u015fma hatt\u0131nda bulunabilen <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Locator (L, Lctr)<\/em><\/span> (ICAO) veya <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Compass Locator<\/span><\/em> (FAA) diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Normal<em> NDB<\/em>&#8216;ler daha uzun menzilliyken <em>Locator<\/em>&#8216;lar daha k\u0131sa menzillidirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kullanilan_Anten_Cesitleri\"><\/span>Kullan\u0131lan Anten \u00c7e\u015fitleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Genelde monopol anten kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bazen sinyal yay\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha d\u00fczg\u00fcn olabilmesi amac\u0131yla antenin ucunda \u015femsiye kullan\u0131labilir. Baz\u0131 y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc NDB vericilerinde, iki direk aras\u0131nda tel gerildi\u011fi de olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> Antalya Havaliman\u0131 36C pist ba\u015f\u0131ndaki &#8220;YT&#8221; kodlu NDB vericisi (Uzun beyaz direk NDB&#8217;nin monopol anteni, di\u011fer antenler MB, DME ve Radyolink&#8217;e ait.):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07cb099&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07cb099\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"242\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-998\" style=\"width:494px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-13.png 538w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-13-300x135.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07cbb7c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07cbb7c\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"218\" height=\"388\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-999\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.5618556701030928;width:142px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-14.png 218w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-14-169x300.png 169w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frekans_Araligi_ve_Tahsisi\"><\/span>Frekans Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tahsisi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NDB vericilerinin yay\u0131n frekans\u0131, [190 kHz &#8211; 1750 kHz] aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.4.1 <\/sub>Genelde, yer dalgas\u0131 propagasyon etkisinden dolay\u0131 250 &#8211; 450 kHz aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunurlar. <sub>CAE Oxford ATPL<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tavsiye:<\/strong> ILS&#8217;ye ek olarak kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere yerle\u015ftirilecek iki Locator&#8217;\u00fcn frekanslar\u0131n\u0131n, ADF&#8217;nin d\u00fczg\u00fcn y\u00f6n bulabilmesi i\u00e7in 15 kHz&#8217;den daha yak\u0131n, tek ADF&#8217;li u\u00e7aklarda frekans\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131ca ayarlanabilmesi i\u00e7in 25 kHz den daha uzak olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.4.2<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tavsiye:<\/strong> Pistin z\u0131t y\u00f6nlerine hizmet veren ILS sistemleri ile kullan\u0131lan Outer Locator&#8217;lara ilgili \u015fartlar sa\u011flan\u0131yorsa ayn\u0131 frekans atanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlar, operasyonel durumlar\u0131n izin vermesi, vericilere ayr\u0131 tan\u0131mlama kodlar\u0131 atanmas\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 anda yay\u0131n yapmamalar\u0131. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 5 3.2.2<\/sub> (Kullan\u0131lan piste g\u00f6re biri kapat\u0131labilir.) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frekans tolerans\u0131 %0.01 olmal\u0131d\u0131r, haricen 1606.5 kHz ve \u00fczeri frekanslarda anten g\u00fcc\u00fc 200 W \u00fczeri NDB&#8217;lerde frekans tolerans\u0131 %0.005 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 3.4.4.2<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sinyal_Yapisi\"><\/span>Sinyal Yap\u0131s\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tan\u0131tma kodu iletimi i\u00e7in NON\/A1A (Mors koduna g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7-kapa yap\u0131lmas\u0131, CW gibi) veya NON\/A2A (Mors kodunun ton olarak AM ile mod\u00fcle edilmesi) emisyon tipleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 3.4.6<\/sub> Mant\u0131ken, e\u011fer ses yay\u0131n\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa A3E emisyon tipi de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor diyebiliriz. Emisyon tiplerinin sebep oldu\u011fu farkl\u0131l\u0131klara, yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilerleyen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u0131smen veya tamamen holding, yakla\u015fma ve ini\u015f amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan NDB&#8217;ler ve 50 NM (92.7 km)&#8217;den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck onayl\u0131 kapsama alan\u0131na sahip NDB&#8217;ler haricindeki NDB&#8217;ler i\u00e7in; fazla beacon yo\u011funlu\u011fu veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc onayl\u0131 kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilir olmayaca\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, mors kodunun iletimi i\u00e7in NON\/A1A (CW gibi) emisyon tipi kullan\u0131labilir. Bunun haricindeki t\u00fcm NDB&#8217;ler, mors kodunun iletimi i\u00e7in NON\/A2A (AM) emisyon tipi kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.6.1 &amp; 3.4.6.1.1<\/sub>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Radyo istasyonlar\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 giri\u015fim,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>y\u00fcksek atmosferik g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>yerel durumlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Varsa, ses yay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in AM mod\u00fclasyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AM kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa yakla\u015f\u0131k %95 mod\u00fclasyon derinli\u011fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.6.2<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Istasyon_Tanitma_Kodu_ve_Ses_Yayini_Ozellikleri\"><\/span>\u0130stasyon Tan\u0131tma Kodu ve Ses Yay\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tanitma_Kodu_ve_Ses_Yayini_ile_Ilgili_Genel_Bilgiler\"><\/span>Tan\u0131tma Kodu ve Ses Yay\u0131n\u0131 ile \u0130lgili Genel Bilgiler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NDB&#8217;lerde de di\u011fer radyo seyr\u00fcsefer cihazlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, do\u011fru istasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olunup olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmek amac\u0131yla tan\u0131mlama kodu yay\u0131nlanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bazen bilgilendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131 ses yay\u0131n\u0131 da bulunabilir. Mors kodu, di\u011fer cihazlarda da oldu\u011fu gibi sesin mod\u00fcle edilmesiyle g\u00f6nderilir lakin \u00e7ok nadiren de olsa ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyalin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131larak anahtarlanmas\u0131yla da (CW gibi) iletilebilir. Bu istasyonlar\u0131n sesinin duyulamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ADF cihaz\u0131ndaki BFO \u00f6zelli\u011fi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. (BFO, yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilerleyen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.) Bu istasyonlar\u0131n avantaj\u0131, ses mod\u00fcle edilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyal yay\u0131nlanaca\u011f\u0131ndan daha uzun menzile ula\u015fabilirler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Istasyon_Tanimlama_Kodlarinin_Teknik_Detaylari\"><\/span>\u0130stasyon Tan\u0131mlama Kodlar\u0131n\u0131n Teknik Detaylar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Her bir NDB, istasyonun tan\u0131mlanabilmesi amac\u0131yla 2 ya da 3 harfli, dakikada yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 kelime h\u0131z\u0131nda mors koduna sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.5.1<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tan\u0131mlama kodu her 30 saniyelik d\u00f6ng\u00fcde bir iletilir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.5.2<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tan\u0131mlama kodu, sesin mod\u00fcle edilmesi yerine ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyalin kapat\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla iletilen istasyonlarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 dakikal\u0131k d\u00f6ng\u00fc kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 lakin operasyonel olarak uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse daha k\u0131sa d\u00f6ng\u00fc de kullan\u0131labilir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.5.2<\/sub> (Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyalin kapat\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, ADF&#8217;nin y\u00f6n bulma performans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015febilir.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tavsiye:<\/strong> Tan\u0131mlama kodunun ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyalin anahtarlanmas\u0131yla iletilen NDB&#8217;ler haricindeki NDB&#8217;lerde, tan\u0131mlama kodunun 30 saniyelik d\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7erisine e\u015fit aral\u0131klarla en az 3 defa g\u00f6nderilmesi tavsiye edilmektedir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.5.2.1<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>50 NM (92.7 km) veya daha az onayl\u0131 menzile sahip, birincil olarak yakla\u015fma veya holding ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lan ve havaliman\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan NDB&#8217;lerin tan\u0131mlama kodu, 30 saniyelik d\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7erisine e\u015fit aral\u0131klarla en az 3 defa g\u00f6nderilmelidir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.5.3<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tan\u0131mlama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak olan mod\u00fcle edilen ses tonunun frekans de\u011feri 1020\u00b150 Hz ya da 400\u00b125 Hz&#8217;dir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.5.4<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ses_Tonlari_ve_Ornek_Kod\"><\/span>Ses Tonlar\u0131 ve \u00d6rnek Kod:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rnek 400 Hz ses tonu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/400Hz.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rnek 1020 Hz ses tonu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1020Hz.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rnek bir 1020 Hz tonunda istasyon tan\u0131mlama mors kodu (YT  &#8211; \u00b7 &#8211; &#8211;    &#8211; ) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/YT.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Locator_NDB_Ozellikleri\"><\/span>Locator NDB \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Locator_L_Lctr_ICAO_Tanimi\"><\/span><em>Locator (L, Lctr)<\/em> (ICAO) Tan\u0131m\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son yakla\u015fmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan NDB&#8217;lerdir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 Vol. I 3.4.1<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Compass_Locator_FAA_Tanimi\"><\/span><em>Compass Locator<\/em> (FAA) Tan\u0131m\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir NDB, ILS marker&#8217;leri ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa &#8220;Compass Locator&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <sub>US AIM 1-1-2 b. (April 20 2023)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Locatorlarin_Yerlestirilmesi\"><\/span>Locator&#8217;lar\u0131n Yerle\u015ftirilmesi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tavsiye:<\/strong> <em>Locator<\/em>&#8216;lar\u0131n <em>ILS<\/em>&#8216;ye ek olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, <em>outer<\/em> ve <em>middle marker beacon<\/em>&#8216;lar\u0131n yerlerinde konumland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <em>ILS<\/em>&#8216;ye ek olarak yaln\u0131zca bir <em>locator<\/em> kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, <em>outer marker beacon<\/em> yerine \u00f6ncelik verilmelidir. <em>Locator<\/em>&#8216;lar\u0131n <em>ILS<\/em> olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son yakla\u015fmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, <em>ILS<\/em> kurulu oldu\u011funda uygulananlara e\u015fde\u011fer konumlar, ilgili engel a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri dikkate al\u0131narak se\u00e7ilmelidir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol I 3.4.7.1<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tavsiye:<\/strong> <em>Locator<\/em>&#8216;lar hem <em>middle<\/em> hem de <em>outer marker<\/em> pozisyonlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda, pistin merkez hatt\u0131 uzant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 taraf\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmeli ve b\u00f6ylece <em>locator<\/em>&#8216;lar aras\u0131nda pistin merkez hatt\u0131na daha yak\u0131n bir paralellik sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol I 3.4.7.2<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-6-marker-beacon-sistemleri\/\">Marker Beacon Sistemleri<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Konumuna_Gore_Locator_Turleri\"><\/span>Konumuna G\u00f6re Locator T\u00fcrleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Doc 8400 PANS-ABC (9th Ed. Amend. 33)&#8217;e dayanarak.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Marker beacon<\/em>&#8216;lara benzer olarak; d\u0131\u015fta olan <em>locator<\/em> &#8220;<em>Locator, outer (LO)<\/em>&#8220;, ortada olan\u0131 &#8220;<em>Locator, middle (LM)<\/em>&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2813\" style=\"width:148px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Locatorlarin_Marker_Beaconlarla_Yerlestirilme_Durumu\"><\/span>Locator&#8217;lar\u0131n Marker Beacon&#8217;larla Yerle\u015ftirilme Durumu:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bazen <em>marker beacon<\/em>&#8216;lar\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn belirlenebilmesi amac\u0131yla marker&#8217;la ayn\u0131 konuma bir de <em>locator<\/em> yerle\u015ftirilebilir. Bu <em>marker beacon<\/em>&#8216;lar, Locator Outer\/Middle Marker olarak isimlendirilebilir. (LOM, LMM.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-6-marker-beacon-sistemleri\/\">Marker Beacon Sistemleri<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ILS_Hattindaki_Locatorlara_Tanimlama_Kodu_Tahsisi\"><\/span>ILS Hatt\u0131ndaki Locator&#8217;lara Tan\u0131mlama Kodu Tahsisi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Locator, outer<\/em>&#8216;in tan\u0131mlama kodu, ilgili <em>localizer<\/em>&#8216;in tan\u0131mlama kodunun &#8220;I&#8221; harfinden sonraki ilk 2 harfi; <em>Locator, middle<\/em>&#8216;nin tan\u0131mlama kodu, ilgili <em>localizer<\/em>&#8216;in tan\u0131mlama kodunun son 2 harfi olacak \u015fekilde ayarlanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re bu durum, Amerikan kaynaklar\u0131nda (US AIM) belirtilmektedir lakin ICAO k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131nda taraf\u0131m\u0131zca bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, ICAO k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131na g\u00f6re prosed\u00fcr tasar\u0131m\u0131 yapan baz\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k otoritelerinin bu durumu uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong><br>\u00d6rne\u011fin Adnan Menderes 34R pistinin ILS tan\u0131mlama kodu &#8220;IMEN&#8221;; 34R&#8217;nin LOM&#8217;unun locator&#8217;unun tan\u0131mlama kodu &#8220;ME&#8221;, LMM&#8217;nin locator&#8217;unun tan\u0131mlama kodu &#8220;EN&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07cd85f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07cd85f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1038\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-1448x2048.jpg 1448w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-1024x1448.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/LTBJ-IAC-05-Instrument-Approach-Chart-scaled.jpg 1810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NDBlerin_Kapsama_Alani\"><\/span>NDB&#8217;lerin Kapsama Alan\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NDBlerin_Kapsama_Alanlariyla_Ilgili_Degerler\"><\/span>NDB&#8217;lerin Kapsama Alanlar\u0131yla \u0130lgili De\u011ferler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NDB kapsama alan\u0131 ifade edilirken etkili kapsama alan\u0131 (<em>effective coverage<\/em>) ve onaylanm\u0131\u015f kapsama alan\u0131 (<em>rated coverage<\/em>) gibi farkl\u0131 kavramlar kullan\u0131labilmeketedir. Etkili kapsama alan\u0131, sinyallerin yeterli d\u00fczeyde al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan olup onayl\u0131 kapsama alan\u0131 ise yer dalgas\u0131 etkisinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn co\u011frafi alan i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f de\u011feri ge\u00e7ti\u011fi mesafe olup NDB&#8217;nin kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi mesafeyi ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NDB&#8217;lerin onayl\u0131 menzili, genelde 25 &#8211; 150 NM aras\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Locator&#8217;lar\u0131n onayl\u0131 menzili genellikle 10 &#8211; 25 NM olmaktad\u0131r. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not:<\/strong> Bazen NDB&#8217;lerin onayl\u0131 menzilleri belirtilebilmektedir. NDB&#8217;lerin -varsa- belirtilmi\u015f onayl\u0131 menzillerini ilk yaz\u0131da bahsedilen AIP b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fikir olu\u015fturabilmesi amac\u0131yla NDB&#8217;lerin etkili menzilleri ile alakal\u0131 baz\u0131 haz\u0131r say\u0131sal sonu\u00e7lar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICAO-Annex-10-Volume-I-17th-edition-July-2018-ATT-C-58-62.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"ICAO-Annex-10-Volume-I-17th-edition-July-2018-ATT-C-58-62 g\u00f6m\u00fcs\u00fc.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-2739d06d-bf78-4070-a444-d1b9936c5b23\" href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICAO-Annex-10-Volume-I-17th-edition-July-2018-ATT-C-58-62.pdf\">ICAO-Annex-10-Volume-I-17th-edition-July-2018-ATT-C-58-62<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICAO-Annex-10-Volume-I-17th-edition-July-2018-ATT-C-58-62.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-2739d06d-bf78-4070-a444-d1b9936c5b23\">\u0130ndir<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tahditli_Alanlar\"><\/span>Tahditli Alanlar:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NDB&#8217;ler, bazen yer y\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekilleri gibi nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc belli bir radyal aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya belli bir radyal aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belli bir mesafeden sonra kullan\u0131lam\u0131yor olabilir. Bu t\u00fcr k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar varsa, ilgili chartlarda veya ilk yaz\u0131da bahsedilen AIP b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde belirtilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Onaylanm\u0131\u015f kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, manyetik bearing olarak ve istasyona g\u00f6re saat y\u00f6n\u00fcnde verilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 150\/210\u00b0, 30\u00b0lik bir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtirken 100\/30\u00b0, 210\u00b0lik bir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtir. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 Vol. I 3.4.2.3&#8217;den yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07ce34b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07ce34b\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"693\" height=\"674\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1030\" style=\"width:501px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-3.png 693w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-3-300x292.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NDB_Siniflandirma_Harfleri_FAA\"><\/span>NDB S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Harfleri (FAA):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FAA kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenen NDB vericileri; &#8220;Compass Locator&#8221;, &#8220;MH&#8221;, &#8220;H&#8221;, &#8220;HH&#8221; olmak \u00fczere s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup bu s\u0131n\u0131flar, NDB&#8217;lerin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc haliyle kapsama alanlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, ses iletme \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmayan NDB&#8217;lerin s\u0131n\u0131f koduna &#8220;W&#8221; (Without Voice) harfi dahil edilir. (\u00f6r: HW). NDB&#8217;lerin s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na g\u00f6re menzilleri \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07cea59&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07cea59\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"615\" height=\"206\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1.png 615w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-300x100.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(US AIM April 20 2023)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOT:<\/strong> FAA d\u00fczenlemelerinin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu yerlerdeki NDB s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, FAA veya ilgili \u00fclkenin havac\u0131l\u0131k yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda veya Jeppesen&#8217;nin Airway Manual &#8211; Radio Navigation b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc veya Jeppview program\u0131nda belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hata_Algilama\"><\/span>Hata Alg\u0131lama:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her bir NDB i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Onayl\u0131 kapsama alan\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u0131\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %50 alt\u0131na inilmesi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tan\u0131mlama kodunun iletilmesinde ar\u0131za olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130zleme ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n kendisinde bir ar\u0131za olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">durumlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilen ayg\u0131tlar bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Locator&#8217;lar s\u00fcrekli olarak izlenmelidir, Locator haricindeki NDB&#8217;lerin de s\u00fcrekli izlenmesi tavsiye edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.8)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guc_Beslemesi\"><\/span>G\u00fc\u00e7 Beslemesi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 kayb\u0131 durumunda yedek kayna\u011fa ge\u00e7me gibi durumlar i\u00e7in besleme ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreleri \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aletli yakla\u015fmalar i\u00e7in azami ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcresi 15 s. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 Table C-11<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ADF_Automatic_Direction-finding_Equipment_Ozellikleri\"><\/span>ADF (<em>Automatic Direction-finding Equipment<\/em>) \u00d6zellikleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frekans_Araligi\"><\/span>Frekans Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ADF cihaz\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanabilir frekans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, genelde NDB&#8217;ler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan aral\u0131kla ayn\u0131d\u0131r. ([190 kHz &#8211; 1750 kHz])<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ADF&#8217;nin band geni\u015fli\u011fi de Annex&#8217;deki varsay\u0131mlara g\u00f6re genelde 6 kHz&#8217;dir. Genelde, ses yay\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131labilen sistemlerde 3 kHz civar\u0131 ses band geni\u015fli\u011fi haliyle AM mod\u00fclasyonunda 6 kHz civar\u0131 band geni\u015fli\u011fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Daha kesin bilgiler i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli standartlar incelenmelidir. Bu standartlar \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 olup ne yaz\u0131kki eri\u015fimimiz de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Calisma_prensibi\"><\/span>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADF, y\u00f6n bulmak i\u00e7in <em>loop<\/em> (halka, turlu) antenler ve bir adet <em>sense<\/em> diye adland\u0131r\u0131lacak olan y\u00f6ns\u00fcz bir s\u0131radan anten kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Loop anten, \u00e7ember, dikd\u00f6rtgen veya farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f telden olu\u015fur. Telin \u00fczerinden de\u011fi\u015fen ak\u0131m akarken etraf\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015fken bir manyetik alan haliyle elektromanyetik dalga olu\u015fur. Yay\u0131l\u0131m paterni \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07cf7e6&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07cf7e6\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"361\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1062\" style=\"width:304px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-10.png 524w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-10-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sub>(Mathworks)<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y\u00f6n bulma i\u015flemi yatayda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Halka antenin yay\u0131l\u0131m paterninin -haliyle al\u0131m yapaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge de- \u00fcstten kesiti \u015fu \u015fekilde olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07cfd88&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07cfd88\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"170\" height=\"240\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1063\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Halka anten, elektromanyetik dalgalar kendisini paralel geliyorken en iyi al\u0131m\u0131 yapar, elektromanyetik dalgalar, g\u00f6be\u011fine dik geliyorken ise al\u0131m yapamaz. Ara a\u00e7\u0131larda da a\u00e7\u0131 dikle\u015ftik\u00e7e antenin al\u0131m\u0131 zay\u0131flar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikd\u00f6rtgen halka antenleri ele al\u0131p bu durumu \u015fu \u00f6rnekler \u00fczerinden inceleyecek olursak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dalgalar antene paralel geliyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d04a2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d04a2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-paralel-1024x819.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-paralel-1024x819.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-paralel-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-paralel-768x614.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-paralel.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n anl\u0131k olarak anten \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiyi inceleyecek olursak, yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte elektromanyetik dalgalar <em>z<\/em> ekseninde ilerlemekte olup tam bu anda elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131 sol tarafa do\u011fru artmaktad\u0131r. Haliyle lenz kanunu gere\u011fi <em>i<sub>B<\/sub><\/em> y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ak\u0131m ind\u00fcklenir. Ayr\u0131ca bu a\u015famada elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n elektrik alan\u0131 da ilerledik\u00e7e artaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in elektrik alan, antenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde arkas\u0131na g\u00f6re daha \u015fiddetli ak\u0131m olu\u015fturur. Bu \u00f6rnekte antende azami ak\u0131m olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olur. Bile\u015fkeleri <em>i<sub>net<\/sub><\/em> olarak ifade edilen y\u00f6nde olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dalgalar antene dik geliyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d0a86&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d0a86\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-dik-1024x819.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-dik-1024x819.png 1024w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-dik-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-dik-768x614.png 768w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/halka-anten-dik.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n anl\u0131k olarak anten \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiyi inceleyecek olursak, yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte elektromanyetik dalgalar <em>z<\/em> ekseninde ilerlemekte olup tam bu anda elektromanyetik dalgan\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131 sol tarafa do\u011fru artmaktad\u0131r. Halka tel, manyetik alana paralel oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in manyetik alan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi sonucu ak\u0131m ind\u00fcklenmez. Ayr\u0131ca elektrik alanlar\u0131 inceleyecek olursak, antenin sa\u011f ve sol k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 birbirleriyle ayn\u0131 hizada oldu\u011fundan elektrik alan ikisine de ayn\u0131 anda ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte etki eder ve bile\u015fke ak\u0131m olu\u015fturamaz. Bu durumda antende herhangi bir ak\u0131m ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturulamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sadece sinyalin genli\u011fine bak\u0131larak belki sinyal kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n antenin ne kadar sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilse de antenin do\u011frultusunun ne taraf\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ayr\u0131ca antenin \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda m\u0131 arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda m\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. \u0130lk sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc di\u011fer loop antene g\u00f6re dik yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ikinci bir loop anten kullanmakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130kinci sorun i\u00e7in ise e\u011fer sinyal kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n faz\u0131 bilinirse, loop antenden al\u0131nan sinyal ile sinyal kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sinyalinin ayn\u0131 fazda veya z\u0131t fazlarda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131larak sinyal kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n antenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc loop anten, sinyali arkas\u0131ndan al\u0131yorsa sinyal \u00f6nden al\u0131nana g\u00f6re ters fazda olacakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dalgalar\u0131n geli\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6b\u00fcr y\u00f6nden olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ak\u0131mlar \u00f6nden gelen dalgan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tersi y\u00f6nde ind\u00fcklenir. Sinyal kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sinyalinin hangi fazda oldu\u011fu ise, ayr\u0131yeten bir y\u00f6ns\u00fcz anten ile sinyalin al\u0131nmas\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba\u015fka bir de\u011fi\u015fle loop anten ile sense anten olarak kullan\u0131lacak olan dikey yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir monopol veya dipol antenin al\u0131m paternlerinin \u00fcstten kesitini inceleyecek olursak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d11f6&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d11f6\" class=\"wp-block-image size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-14-300x248.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-14-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-14.png 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Loop antenin daha \u00f6nce de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u00fczere iki tane lobu vard\u0131r ve antenin tam g\u00f6bek taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131n veya alg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmaz. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mlara <em>null<\/em> denilmektedir. Loop antenin iki tane null noktas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Monopol veya dipol anten ise y\u00f6ns\u00fczd\u00fcr ve yatayda null noktas\u0131 yoktur. Her iki antenin sinyalleri birlikte i\u015flenirse bile\u015fke al\u0131m paternleri <em>kardiyod (Eng: cardioid.)<\/em> \u015feklinde olur. Bu \u015fekil, sense antenin paterni ile loop antenin bir lobunun toplan\u0131p \u00f6b\u00fcrkinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc loblardan biri ters fazdad\u0131r. Kardiyod, tek bir null noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Kardiyod:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d1781&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d1781\" class=\"wp-block-image size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-15-300x188.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-15-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-15.png 516w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u015fekilde loop anten tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc olur. Her iki y\u00f6nden de gelen sinyalin de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in sense antenin kutuplar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli anahtarlanarak ters d\u00fcz edilir.<br>Bu anahtarlaman\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ADF cihaz\u0131ndan cihaz\u0131na genelde saniyede 30 &#8211; 120 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.4.6.5<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d1d16&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d1d16\" class=\"wp-block-image size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-16-300x219.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1073\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-16-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-16.png 516w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, sinyaller elektronik olarak i\u015flenebilse de, eski t\u00fcrden bir ADF cihaz\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde ifade edilebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d229f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d229f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"412\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1074\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-17.png 690w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-17-300x179.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn genel bir kayna\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Baz\u0131 bilgiler, kaynak\u00e7a k\u0131sm\u0131nda belirtilen CAE Oxford ATPL kitab\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 bilgilere de bak\u0131larak genel fizik ve elektronik bilgim dahilinde kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu ve sitemizdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn yaz\u0131larda, hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 belirtebilirsiniz.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ADFnin_Antenlerinin_Ucaktaki_Konumlari\"><\/span>ADF&#8217;nin Antenlerinin U\u00e7aktaki Konumlar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADF&#8217;nin <em>sense<\/em> diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan genellikle y\u00f6ns\u00fcz alg\u0131lama anteni i\u00e7in dikey stabilizerin ucundan u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst g\u00f6vdesine \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bir tel veya daha kompakt bir monopol anten \u00e7e\u015fidi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ki tane loop anten grubu ise genelde damla \u015feklindeki bir muhafazan\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde bulunur ve u\u00e7akta genel g\u00f6vdenin alt\u0131nda veya \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir yere yerle\u015ftirilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ADF loop antenlerinin d\u0131\u015f muhafazas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d2952&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d2952\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"355\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1060\" style=\"width:294px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-8.png 512w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-8-300x208.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ornek_ADF_Kontrol_Paneli_ve_Kullanimi\"><\/span>\u00d6rnek ADF Kontrol Paneli ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d2ea1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d2ea1\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"536\" height=\"606\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1045\" style=\"width:464px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-4.png 536w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-4-265x300.png 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Takip Edilecek \u0130stasyonun Frekans\u0131n\u0131n Ayarlanmas\u0131:<\/strong><br>Ayarlanmak istenen istasyonun frekans\u0131 5 ile <em>Standby<\/em> (7) k\u0131sm\u0131na ayarlan\u0131r, sonra 4 tu\u015fu ile <em>Standby<\/em> k\u0131s\u0131mdan <em>Active<\/em> k\u0131sma (6) ge\u00e7irilir. ADF cihaz\u0131 <em>Active<\/em> k\u0131sma (6) ayarl\u0131 frekansta al\u0131m yapmaktad\u0131r.<br>Baz\u0131 ADF&#8217;lerde active &#8211; standby b\u00f6lmesi yerine tek bir b\u00f6lme bulunabilir. Bu durumda ADF, do\u011frudan ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z frekansta al\u0131m yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Di\u011fer \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong><br>ADF ve ANT modu aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f 2 tu\u015fu ile yap\u0131l\u0131r. ADF cihaz\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu mod ise 1 numaral\u0131 yerde g\u00f6sterilir.<br>BFO \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise 3 tu\u015fu ile a\u00e7\u0131p kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ADFANT_Ayari\"><\/span>ADF\/ANT Ayar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADF nin iki tane \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modu bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ANT:<\/strong> ADF, <em>ANT<\/em> modunda y\u00f6ns\u00fcz <em>sense<\/em> anten ile sinyal al\u0131m\u0131 yapar. Bu konumda ses sinyalleri daha iyi duyulur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kullan\u0131lan <em>sense<\/em> anteninin kazanc\u0131, kendisinden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f <em>loop<\/em> antenlerinin kazanc\u0131ndan daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. Y\u00f6n tespiti yap\u0131lamaz. Ama\u00e7 m\u00fczik gibi sadece ses dinlemekse veya NDB istasyonu iyi \u00e7ekmiyorsa ve tan\u0131mlama kodu teyit edilmek isteniyorsa bu mod kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ADF:<\/strong> ADF, <em>ADF<\/em> modunda ise y\u00f6ns\u00fcz <em>sense<\/em> anteni ve y\u00f6nl\u00fc <em>loop<\/em> antenleri ile birlikte sinyal al\u0131m\u0131 yapar ve y\u00f6n tespiti yap\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu y\u00fczden ADF&#8217;nin normal kullan\u0131m modu budur. ADF&#8217;nin sense anteninin s\u00fcrekli anahtarlanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bu modda m\u00fczik gibi s\u00fcrekli yay\u0131nlar\u0131n dinlenmesi iyi olmayacakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc seste &#8220;t\u0131r\u0131r\u0131r\u0131r\u0131&#8221; gibi s\u00fcrekli bir titre\u015fim olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Akl\u0131mdan yazd\u0131m maalesef kaynak yok.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"BFO_Beat_Frequency_Oscillator_veya_TONE_Ayari\"><\/span>BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) veya TONE Ayar\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>BFO<\/em> (Beat Frequency Oscillator) ayar\u0131, (Bazen <em>TONE<\/em> olarak da isimlendirilebilir), (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e&#8217;ye Vuru Frekans\u0131 Osilat\u00f6r\u00fc olarak \u00e7evrilebilir.) NON\/A1A (CW gibi ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyalin kapat\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131) emisyon tipindeki NDB&#8217;lerin tan\u0131mlama kodunu dinleyebilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr NDB&#8217;ler \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normalde NON\/A2A (AM mod\u00fclasyonu) emisyon tipiyle yay\u0131n yapan NDB&#8217;lerin tan\u0131mlama kodunun tonu, AM mod\u00fcleli olarak iletildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ADF&#8217;nin sesi dinlenerek duyulabilir fakat NON\/A1A emisyon tipinde sadece ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in AM mod\u00fclasyonunu \u00e7\u00f6zen al\u0131c\u0131 herhangi bir ses tonunu demod\u00fcle edemez ve bir \u015fey duyulmaz. Bu durumda BFO a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. BFO, al\u0131nacak sinyalin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan 400 veya 1020 Hz <sub>De\u011ferler CAE Oxford ATPL&#8217;den.<\/sub> kaym\u0131\u015f sahte bir d\u00fcz sinyal \u00fcretir. Mors kodunun iletimi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyal a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131l\u0131rken ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 her a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda al\u0131c\u0131da ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ile \u00fcretilen sahte sinyal <em>vuru<\/em> etkisiyle 400 veya 1020 Hz&#8217;lik <em>vuru tonu<\/em> olu\u015fturur ve bu \u015fekilde BFO a\u00e7\u0131kken ADF&#8217;nin sesi a\u00e7\u0131larak NON\/A1A emisyon tipindeki NDB&#8217;lerin kodu duyulabilir hale getirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BFO a\u00e7\u0131kken normal bir NON\/A2A NDB veya AM yay\u0131n yapan bir istasyon dinlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu mod\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n gere\u011fi s\u00fcrekli olarak ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sinyal iletimi olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in dinlenen seste s\u00fcrekli bir vuru tonu duyulur. Bu y\u00fczden normal kullan\u0131mlarda BFO kapal\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Akl\u0131mdan yazd\u0131m maalesef kaynak yok.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kullanilan_Gosterge_Cesitleri\"><\/span>Kullan\u0131lan G\u00f6sterge \u00c7e\u015fitleri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADF&#8217;nin g\u00f6stergesi olarak iki farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit g\u00f6sterge \u00e7e\u015fidi mevcuttur ve bunlardan biri veya ikisi de u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda bulunabilir. Bu g\u00f6stergeler, <em>relative bearing indicator (RBI)<\/em> ve <em>radio magnetic indicator (RMI)<\/em>&#8216;dir. Bunlar\u0131n her ikisinin de ibresi, y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmak istenen istasyonun, u\u00e7a\u011fa g\u00f6re hangi y\u00f6nde oldu\u011funu (<em>relative bearing<\/em>) g\u00f6sterir. Yani ibrenin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi y\u00f6nde istasyon mevcuttur. <sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><br>Genelde, ibre kullan\u0131lm\u0131yorsa sa\u011f taraf\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek \u015fekilde park eder. <sub>G\u00f6zlem.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bunlar\u0131n farklar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RBI: <\/strong>Arkas\u0131ndaki derece kerterizi kendi hareket edemeyip g\u00f6sterge \u00fczerindeki topuz arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elle \u00e7evrilir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ayarlanamaz, kerterizin \u00fcst\u00fc hep 0 dereceyi g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RMI:<\/strong> Arka kerteriz, jiroskobik olarak ya da u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n hava verisine g\u00f6re manyetik ba\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek \u015fekilde hareket eder. (<em>True heading<\/em> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken yerlerde kullan\u0131lan u\u00e7aklarda <em>true heading<\/em> se\u00e7ene\u011fi de olabilir.) Ayn\u0131 zamanda RMI&#8217;lar, VOR&#8217;lar i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lan bir g\u00f6sterge \u00e7e\u015fidi olup tek veya iki ibreli \u00e7e\u015fitleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz. \u0130ki ibreli \u00e7e\u015fitlerde, ibrelerden ince olan\u0131 ADF i\u00e7in, kal\u0131n\u0131 NAV 2 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla VOR i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor olabilir veya ADF i\u00e7in olmay\u0131p her iki ibresi de NAV 1 ve NAV 2&#8217;den al\u0131nan VOR&#8217;lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor olabilir. Baz\u0131 modellerde de \u00fczerinde se\u00e7ici anahtar olup ince ibre ADF 1 ve NAV 1, kal\u0131n ibre ADF 2 ve NAV 2 aras\u0131nda se\u00e7ilebilmektedir. Farkl\u0131 kombinasyonlar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri bulunabilir. Askeri u\u00e7aklarda TACAN&#8217;\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn belirtilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lanlar\u0131 da mevcuttur. RMI g\u00f6stergenizin hangi kaynaklar\u0131 belirtti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n k\u0131lavuzuna bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(Kaynak yok.)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>RBI G\u00f6stergesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d3a6d&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d3a6d\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"284\" height=\"284\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1085\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-20.png 284w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-20-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>RMI G\u00f6stergesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d4030&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d4030\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"298\" height=\"284\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1086\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ADF 1\/NAV 1 &#8211; ADF 2\/NAV 2 aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yap\u0131labilen bir RMI:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d475f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d475f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1056\" style=\"width:358px;height:auto\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6rnek baz\u0131 durum<\/strong>lar:<br>G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, g\u00f6stergelerin ibreleri, u\u00e7a\u011fa g\u00f6re NDB istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi y\u00f6nde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Y\u00f6n ile ilgili kavramlar ve y\u00f6n bulma tekniklerine ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131da de\u011finilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d4cc2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d4cc2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"340\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-18.png 505w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-18-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d51f2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d51f2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"340\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1081\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-19.png 505w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-19-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sistem_Toleransi\"><\/span>Sistem Tolerans\u0131:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6sterilen <em>bearing<\/em> a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, Annex taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen ko\u015fullarda <strong>\u00b1<\/strong>5\u00b0den fazla sapmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <sub>ICAO Annex 10 vol 1 3.9.1<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ADF_%E2%80%93_NDBnin_calismasina_ve_menziline_etki_eden_faktorler\"><\/span>ADF &#8211; NDB&#8217;nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve menziline etki eden fakt\u00f6rler:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc:<\/strong> NDB&#8217;nin menzili, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn karesiyle orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mod\u00fclasyon:<\/strong> NON\/A1A emisyon tipi, NON\/A2A&#8217;dan daha iyi menzile sahiptir. (Tahminimce AM mod\u00fclasyonundaki yan bandlar\u0131n iletimine g\u00fc\u00e7 harcanmamas\u0131 sebebiyle.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Propagasyon etkileri:<\/strong> Uzun &#8211; orta dalgada g\u00f6r\u00fclen yer ve g\u00f6k dalgas\u0131 propagasyon etkileri haliyle NDB&#8217;lerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6zetleyecek olursak:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u00fcnd\u00fczleri iyonosferin D tabakas\u0131, bu aral\u0131klardaki elektromanyetik dalgalar\u0131 so\u011furaca\u011f\u0131ndan dalgalar sadece yer dalgas\u0131 olarak ilerleyebilmektedir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geceleri iyonosferin D tabakas\u0131 kaybolaca\u011f\u0131ndan, bu aral\u0131klardaki elektromanyetik dalgalar, iyonosferden yans\u0131yarak \u00e7ok daha uzaklara ula\u015fabilir. Bu durum, ADF&#8217;nin istenmeyen istasyonlardan sinyal almas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Onayl\u0131 menzil i\u00e7erisinde de istasyon giri\u015fimi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deniz \u00fczerinde yer dalgas\u0131 daha iyi ilerleyece\u011finden deniz \u00fczerindeki menzil, karadakine g\u00f6re daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekanslar, daha iyi yer dalgas\u0131 etkisi g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ADF, gece kullan\u0131lacaksa \u015funlara dikkat edilmelidir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NDB&#8217;nin tan\u0131mlama kodu, chartlardan s\u00fcrekli teyit edilmeli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ekipman\u0131 g\u00fcn do\u011fumu veya g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131ndan sonraki 1 saat i\u00e7inde kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NDB&#8217;leri onayl\u0131 menzilleri i\u00e7erisinde kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Di\u011fer seyr\u00fcsefer cihazlar\u0131ndan da yararlanarak ADF g\u00f6stergesini kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Statik giri\u015fim:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f stati\u011fi: Ya\u011fmur damlalar\u0131 veya buz kristallerinin u\u00e7a\u011fa \u00e7arpmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur ve sinyal\/g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 durumlarda gelen sinyali tamamen bast\u0131rabilir. \u0130bre gezinebilir, ses dinlenirken arka planda t\u0131slama duyulabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Thunderstorms<\/em>: G\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc f\u0131rt\u0131nalar, LF ve MF dahil olmak \u00fczere elektromanyetik spektrumda \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc statik elektrik de\u015farjlar\u0131na sahiptir. Bu bo\u015falmalar ADF&#8217;de g\u00f6sterge hatalar\u0131na neden olur. K\u00fcm\u00fclonimb\u00fcs bulutundaki (Cb) statik bir bo\u015falma, seste y\u00fcksek bir \u00e7\u0131t\u0131rt\u0131 olarak duyulacak ve ibre h\u0131zla Cb&#8217;yi g\u00f6sterecek \u015fekilde hareket edecektir. Birbirine yak\u0131n birka\u00e7 aktif h\u00fccre oldu\u011funda, i\u011fnenin uzun s\u00fcre boyunca onlara i\u015faret etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Cb aktivitesi tahmin edildi\u011finde ADF kullan\u0131m\u0131nda dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Cb aktivitesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ADF&#8217;nin tek mant\u0131kl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n aktif h\u00fccrelerin nerede oldu\u011funu belirtmek oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Da\u011f Giri\u015fimi:<\/strong> Da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar, iletilen radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131malar\u0131na ve k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na neden olarak ADF sistemlerinde hatalara neden olabilir. Bu hatalar al\u00e7ak irtifada artacak ve daha y\u00fckse\u011fe u\u00e7ularak en aza indirilebilecektir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sahil K\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Karada dalgalar\u0131n enerjisinin emilimi nedeniyle radyo dalgalar\u0131 su \u00fczerinde h\u0131zlan\u0131r. Bu h\u0131zlanma dalgalar\u0131n do\u011frultusunun normal yolundan saparak k\u0131y\u0131ya do\u011fru k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur. K\u0131y\u0131ya 90\u00b0de k\u0131r\u0131lma ihmal edilebilir d\u00fczeydedir ancak geli\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a artar.<br>Bu etki \u015fu durumlarda azalabilir:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n NDB&#8217;leri kullanmak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Y\u00fcksekten u\u00e7mak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u0131y\u0131dan dike yak\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131yla sinyalleri almak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6ad11f07d5d28&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6ad11f07d5d28\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"348\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1047\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-5.png 512w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-5-300x204.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Yat\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yatmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterge hatalar\u0131na sebebiyet verebilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>45\u00b0nin Katlar\u0131ndaki Hata:<\/strong> Loop antenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinden dolay\u0131 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00e7apraz k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan sinyal al\u0131rken ibre hatas\u0131 olu\u015fabilir. Daha \u00e7ok eski ADF&#8217;lerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sub>(CAE Oxford ATPL)<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22.png 600w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ayrac-22-590x1.png 590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ayr\u0131ca Bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Varig u\u00e7u\u015f 254 kazas\u0131: Kaybolduktan sonra ADF ile yerel bir radyonun bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Air France u\u00e7u\u015f 117 kazas\u0131: F\u0131rt\u0131na nedeniyle g\u00f6sterge hatas\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USAF CT-43A u\u00e7ak kazas\u0131: Do\u011fru NDB&#8217;ye ba\u011flan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teyit edilmemesi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Radyo Seyr\u00fcsefer Sistemleri #6 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/ibonav.aero\/learn\/radyo-seyrusefer-sistemleri-6-marker-beacon-sistemleri\/\">Marker Beacon Sistemleri<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00fcncellemeler:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>28 Haziran 2024\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u00fc\u00e7 beslemesi ile ilgili alt ba\u015fl\u0131k eklendi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>25 Temmuz 2024\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Locator&#8217;lar\u0131n tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FAA s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma kodlar\u0131na ekleme yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tahditli alanlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile ilgili bilgiler eklendi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>9 A\u011fustos 2024\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Locator ile ilgili k\u0131s\u0131mlar iyile\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ana Kaynaklar:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ICAO Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications Vol. I &#8211; Radio Navigation Aids (8th Ed., Amend. 93)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CAE Oxford Aviation Academy ATPL Ground Training Series Book 11 (EASA 1st Ed. Rev. for NPA 29) &#8211; Radio Navigation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu Yaz\u0131 Dizisi Hakk\u0131nda: Bu yaz\u0131 dizimizde; havac\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan radyo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1085,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[15,12],"tags":[201,151,264,305,302,132,301,209,172,303,210,112],"class_list":["post-949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hava-radyo-seyrusefer-ve-iletisim-sistemleri","category-cns-sistemleri","tag-adf","tag-aletli-ucus","tag-annex","tag-bearing","tag-haberlesme","tag-ifr","tag-muzik","tag-navigasyon","tag-ndb","tag-rmi","tag-seyrusefer","tag-uzun-dalga"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Radyo Seyr\u00fcsefer Sistemleri #2 - NDB ve ADF Sistemleri<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu Yaz\u0131 Dizisi Hakk\u0131nda: Bu yaz\u0131 dizimizde; 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